tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-998227056551291122024-03-05T00:52:50.019-08:00Perwitasari37Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.comBlogger156125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-77753983619934758702015-03-29T03:49:00.001-07:002015-03-29T03:49:08.960-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-67363772909426639952013-09-24T02:59:00.001-07:002013-09-24T03:00:51.742-07:00warnanya merah jambu<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Di senja merah jambu<br />
yang merona seperti pipimu<br />
aku pernah menaburkan mimpi<br />
kau pun menyandarkan harapan bukan?<br />
dan kita sama-sama mengumbar kemesraan<br />
<br />
lalu mendung menggulung<br />
<br />
satu lagi kemesraan yang robek<br />
dalam gerimis<br />
sementara aku belum mencatatnya sebagai kenangan<br />
<br />
sementara kau masih saja menyalahkan waktu<br />
dan aku memaki gurat-gurat takdir<br />
<br />
Ah,<br />
inilah cinta kita<br />
serpihan mimpi yang kuhamburkan<br />
mungkin sebagai kenangan yang luput dari ingatan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p>Sumber : http://puisisumba.blogspot.com/2011/12/senja-merah-jambu.html</o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></div>
<br />Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-31436592097410492832013-06-25T23:09:00.001-07:002013-06-27T06:37:23.612-07:00Struktur storage sistem multitasking, sistem unit programming , sistem komputasi batch !<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15.6px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 7px;">Struktur Storage</span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Storage adalah
penyimpan, tempat penyimpanan, media yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data yang
diolah oleh komputer, Fungsi storage adalah menyimpan data atau file dalam
jangka panjang dan pendek.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Teknologi
penyimpanan dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu memori internal dan eksternal
.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyimpanan internal (biasa juga di sebut main
memori atau memori utama) berfungsi sebagai pengikat sementara baik bagi data
program maupun informasi ketika proses pengolahanya di laksanakan oleh
CPU. Dua contoh memori internal ROM dan RAM.<o:p></o:p> ROM (Read Only Memory) adalah memory yang hanya bisa
dibaca sedang kan RAM (Random Access Memory) memori yang isinya bisa
diperbaharui .<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyimpanan eksternal (exsternal Storage) dikenal
juga dengan sebutan penyimpanan sekunder. Penyimpanan eksternal adalah segala
piranti yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan data secara permanen.<o:p></o:p> Pengertian
Permanen<o:p></o:p> disini berarti bahwa data yang terdapat pada
penyimpan akan tetap terpelihara dengan baik sekalipun computer sudah dalam
keadaan mati.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh : Hardisk, plopydisk. dll<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh-contoh Storage :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p> </o:p></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVptpxr1kcpVeimnVWmdWESizLvqnvYNrTPkpSCPgK8JWVyfnw4Mc-T8ftF4aJxk1-Q7Idfin6oTI9QfHcRkKDsO7IMbBWDq8oN1DmC9x5Ssy-QEFU3ArW7eSFpn6FFZWFJa8oGyoo7f59/s1600/storage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVptpxr1kcpVeimnVWmdWESizLvqnvYNrTPkpSCPgK8JWVyfnw4Mc-T8ftF4aJxk1-Q7Idfin6oTI9QfHcRkKDsO7IMbBWDq8oN1DmC9x5Ssy-QEFU3ArW7eSFpn6FFZWFJa8oGyoo7f59/s200/storage.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="200" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p><br /></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harddisk merupakan
salah satu media penyimpan data pada komputer yang terdiri dari kumpulan
piringan magnetis yang keras dan berputar, serta komponen-komponen
elektronik lainnya.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Harddisk
adalah storage devices yang paling sering di pakai. Bagian-bagian hardisk
terdiri dari Logic board, motor, Platter, read-write head, interface slot, dan
body. Logic board merupakan bagian hardisk yang mengatur kerja hardisk menurut
instruksi dari user. Logic board ini nantinya mengatur putaran motor dan gerak
dari read-write head menurut lokasi penempatan data. Read-write head inilah
yang membaca dan menulis data pada hardisk, menyampaikan informasi kepada logic
board, kemudian logic board menyampaikan kepada CPU melalui interface baik itu
SATA maupun PATA.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Multitasking</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengirim
email sambil berbicara di telepon adalah contoh multitasking. Ketika Anda
melakukan beberapa tugas pada satu waktu, Anda mungkin merasa lebih efektif dan
produktif. Namun, sebaliknya adalah benar, menurut sebuah artikel Bisnis Ulasan
Harvard. Sementara multitasking, efisiensi berkurang sebanyak 40 persen. Hal
ini karena otak membutuhkan waktu - hingga 15 menit - untuk kembali fokus pada
tugas setelah gangguan. Today melaporkan psikologi bahwa apa yang orang anggap
sebagai multitasking lebih baik digambarkan sebagai "seri tasking,"
karena Anda benar-benar berubah dengan cepat dari satu tugas yang lain. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Multitasking
adalah istilah teknologi informasi dalam bahsa inggris yang mengacu kepada
sebuah metode dimana banyak pekerjaan atau dikenal juga sebagai proses diolah
dengan menggunakan sumber daya CPU yang sama.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Multitasking
juga di sebut Sistem Time Sharing yang sering kita kenal. Sistem Time Sharing
atau Multitasking adalah pengembangan dari sistem multiprogram. Beberapa job
yang berada pada memory utama dieksekusi oleh CPU secara bergantian. CPU hanya
bisa menjalankan program yang berada pada memory utama. Perpindahan antar job
terjadi sangat sering sehingga user dapat berinteraksi dengan setiap program
pada saat dijalankan. Suatu job akan dipindahkan dari memori ke disk dan
sebaliknya. Sistem Time Sharing juga disebut dengan sistem komputasi interaktif,
dimana sistem komputer menyediakan komunikasi on-line antara user dengan
sistem.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Sistem Uniprogramming</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uniprogramming
: hanya satu job yang diproses pada satu waktu dan semua resource sistem
tersedia secara eksklusif sampai job terselesaikan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; line-height: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQXRDRx4lKAdI5fkEX6JOAZhPzmU5mp0Qlom-uN4gvb4imMzRyh8gM3c-KacmPWecWSHuES_VxTLvrakHZrG4xa42YM6QWUka4_qOg-Nrod6v_tNe_NbMx4eSRf9-79a4ww5bRjT0g6sp_/s1600/uniprograming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQXRDRx4lKAdI5fkEX6JOAZhPzmU5mp0Qlom-uN4gvb4imMzRyh8gM3c-KacmPWecWSHuES_VxTLvrakHZrG4xa42YM6QWUka4_qOg-Nrod6v_tNe_NbMx4eSRf9-79a4ww5bRjT0g6sp_/s1600/uniprograming.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 14px;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sistem Komputasi Batch</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Batch merupakan
baris-baris perintah yang dapat digunakan secara langsung. Batch Adalah sistem
pengelompokan job (batch; pengelompokan bersama) dan dijalankan oleh komputer
sebagai satu kelompok eksekusi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia4yra3IrSvU_7zeBpv5x6G1FuXelxpkj2G8pwtbycgdn4qJwhgAMxy225n6GMaQEfvX0IEXiYmOIvbfVko2i8ZsKc1DF3HprHS9-dwuWZhoeA1OwPGJRv1ZhIziWpmT94NUUWBZZGteTv/s1600/komputasi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEia4yra3IrSvU_7zeBpv5x6G1FuXelxpkj2G8pwtbycgdn4qJwhgAMxy225n6GMaQEfvX0IEXiYmOIvbfVko2i8ZsKc1DF3HprHS9-dwuWZhoeA1OwPGJRv1ZhIziWpmT94NUUWBZZGteTv/s1600/komputasi.jpg" style="cursor: move;" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #cc3300;"><br /></span></span></div>
<h5 style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sumber :<o:p></o:p></span></span></h5>
<h5 style="line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/">claraviwin.blogspot.com</a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h5>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a href="http://khakimah.blogspot.com/2013/06/multi-tasking-multi-user-single-tasking.html">http://khakimah.blogspot.com/2013/06/multi-tasking-multi-user-single-tasking.html</a></span></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-6089027468171711482013-06-25T22:53:00.002-07:002013-06-27T06:52:06.864-07:00Pengertian dari akses input output, pendeteksian kebenaran dan pelaksaan program !<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">Akses
Input Output</span></b> </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Input device</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Input
device atau input peripheral adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menerima masukkan
data dan program yang akan diproses di dalam komputer.Berfungsi sebagai media
untuk memasukkan data dari luar ke dalam suatu memori dan processor untuk
diolah guna menghasilkan informasi yang diperlukan. Input devices atau unit
masukan yang umumnya digunakan personal komputer (PC) adalah keyboard dan
mouse, keyboard dan mouse adalah unit yang menghubungkan user (pengguna) dengan
komputer.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Input
device berfungsi sebagai media untuk memasukkan data dari luar sistem ke dalam
suatu memori dan processor untuk diolah dan menghasilkan informasi yang
diperlukan. Data yang dimasukkan ke dalam sistem komputer dapat berbentuk
signal input dan maintenance input. Signal input berbentuk data yang dimasukkan
ke dalam sistem komputer, sedangkan maintenance input berbentuk program yang
digunakan untuk mengolah data yang dimasukkan. Jadi Input device selain
digunakan untuk memasukkan data dapat pula digunakan untuk memasukkan program.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Output device</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Output
device bisa diartikan sebagai peralatan yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan hasil
pemrosesan ataupun pengolahan data yang berasal dari CPU kedalam suatu media
yang dapat dibaca oleh manusia ataupun dapat digunakan untuk penyimpanan data
hasil proses. Jenis dan media dari output device yang dimiliki oleh komputer
cukup banyak. Output yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan data dapat digolongkan ke
dalam empat macam yaitu tulisan, image, suara, dan bentuk yang dapat dibaca
oleh mesin (machine-readable form).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendeteksian Kebenaran</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendeteksian
kebenarana adalah tugas yang sangat penting dalam proses pengembangan perangkat
lunak, karena program yang salah dapat memiliki konsekuensi yang signifikan
bagi penggunanya. Beberapa bahasa yang lebih rentan terhadap beberapa jenis
kesalahan karena mereka tidak memerlukan spesifikasi kompiler untuk melakukan
pengecekan sebanyak bahasa lainnya. Penggunaan alat analisis statis dapat
membantu mendeteksi beberapa kemungkinan masalah.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pelaksanaan Program</span></b></span><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
mewujudkan suatu tujuan atau target, maka haruslah ada pelaksanaan yang
merupakan proses kegiatan yang berkesinambungan sehingga tercapai tujuan yang
diharapkan.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebagaimana yang dikemukakkan oleh Santoso Sastropoetro (1982:183) sebagai
berikut:<o:p></o:p></span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“pelaksanaan
diartikan sebagai suatu usaha atau kegiatan tertentu yang dilakukan untuk
mewujudkan rencana atau program dalam kenyataannya”.<o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Selanjutnya Charles
D. Jones dalam Silalahi (1984:49), mengemukakkan mengenai pelaksanaan ata
implementasi yakni:<o:p></o:p></span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Konsep
dinamis yang meibatkan secara terus menerus usaha-usaha yang mencari apa yang
dilakukan, mengatur aktivitas-aktivitas yang mengarah pada pendapat suatu
program kedalam dampak”.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;">Sumber :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/">claraviwin.blogspot.com/</a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: IN;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-86029243810869414332013-06-25T22:31:00.001-07:002013-06-27T07:14:40.787-07:00Single precision, double precision !<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Variabel Numerik ketepatan tunggal (single
precision), dapat mewakili nilai berkisar dari 2.938736 x 10-39 sampai dengan
1.701412 x 1038 dengan ketepatan 7 digit. Biasanya dibelakang variabel ini
diberi tanda !</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Contoh : </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 10 A=22/7 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 20 B!=20/3 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 30 PRINT A</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 40 PRINT B! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Output </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 3.142857 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 6.666667</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Variabel numerik ketepatan ganda (double precision), dapat mewakili nilai
berkisar antara 2.938745877055719 x 10-39 sampai dengan 1.701411834604692 x
1038 dengan ketepatan samapai dengan 16 digit. Biasanya variabel ini
ditunjukkan dengan tanda # diakhir namanya.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Contoh : </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 10 A#=22/7 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 20 B#=22/7# </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 30 PRINT A# </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 40 PRINT B# </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> Output </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 3.142857074737549 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> 3.142857142857143</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Sumber :</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><a href="http://raahmaad.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/variabel-dalam-basic/">http://raahmaad.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/variabel-dalam-basic/</a></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-30769047896246401192013-06-25T22:29:00.001-07:002013-06-27T07:24:29.172-07:00Pengertian shell, batch konsol, kernel !<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shell</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> adalah salah satu jenis </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program" title="Program"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">program</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> asli </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi" title="Sistem operasi"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">sistem operasi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> (seringnya merupakan program yang terpisah dari </span><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel" title="Kernel"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">inti sistem operasi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">) yang
menyediakan komunikasi langsung antara pengguna dan sistem operasi. Shell
merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak bahasa pemrograman. Shell memiliki
sebuah keunikan tersendiri, Karena berjalan disebuah platform Linux atau
Unix, dan memiliki konsep perintah tingkat tinggi. Shell juga dikenal
dengan bahasa “command line processing” ini karena sintak yang digunakan
di dalam pemrograman shell merupakan perintah-perintah dasar dari Linux
atau Unix. Selain itu juga sintak Shell dapat langsung dieksekusi langsung
pada terminal.<span class="usercontent"><o:p></o:p></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Batch
adalah Perintah untuk menjalankan sekumpulan perintah Recovery Console yang ada
disebuah file teks. </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Contoh
:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">batch
runme.txt postrun.txt<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">?</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">artinya,
perintah batch akan menjalankan perintah yang sudah ditulis didalam file input
runme.txt, sedangkan file postrun.txt sendiri akan dibuat secara otomatis
sebagai output file.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Console
adalah sebuah shortcut yang dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan perintah-perintah
tertentu pada OS Linux kalau Dalam Windows biasanya disebut DosPrompt.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Batch console</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan secara kelompok yang
dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan perintah-perintah di sebuah file text tertentu
pada OS Linux.<o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kernel</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">adalah suatu perangkat lunak yang menjadi bagian
utama dari sebuah sistem operasi. Tugasnya melayani bermacam program aplikasi
untuk mengakses perangkat keras komputer secara aman. Karena akses terhadap
perangkat keras terbatas sedangkan ada lebih dari satu program yang harus
dilayani dalam waktu yang bersamaan maka kernel juga bertugas untuk mengatur
kapan dan berapa lama suatu program dapat menggunakan satu bagian perangkat
keras tersebut. Hal tersebut dinamakan sebagai multiplexing.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US">Sumber :</span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></span></span><br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP">www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-</a><b><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP">Pada</a></b><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP">-Win-XP</a></span><cite><span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></cite></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://ahmadkaseibuddin.student.esaunggul.ac.id/2012/12/16/shell-programming/"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">http://ahmadkaseibuddin.student.esaunggul.ac.id/2012/12/16/shell-programming/</span></a></span></span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-US"><a href="http://kamusonline49.blogspot.com/2010/12/kernel.html"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">http://kamusonline49.blogspot.com/2010/12/kernel.html</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></div>
<h5 style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></h5>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-1079201436725145892013-05-24T21:33:00.001-07:002013-06-27T08:33:25.199-07:00Storyboard Pertemuan<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selama
saya mempelajari Mata kuliah Etika & Profesionalisme Tek. Sistem Informasi,
saya sudah memposting tulisan sebanyak 16 tulisan dan memposting tugas
sebanyak 5 tugas. Diantaranya : '</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.
Tulisan</span></b></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="5980388884047038504"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Ruang lingkup undang-undang tentang hak cipta dan
prosedur pendaftaran HAKI di depkumham.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/ruang-lingkup-undang-undang-tentang-hak.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/ruang-lingkup-undang-undang-tentang-hak.html</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: UU No. 19 Tahun 2002 tentang Hak Cipta menyatakan bahwa Hak Cipta adalah hak
yang mengatur karya intelektual di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan sastra
yang dituangkan dalam bentuk yang khas dan diberikan pada ide, prosedur, metode
atau konsep yang telah dituangkan dalam wujud tetap. Untuk mendapatkan
perlindungan melalui Hak Cipta, tidak ada keharusan untuk mendaftarkan.
Pendaftaran hanya semata-mata untuk keperluan pembuktian belaka. Dengan
demikian, begitu suatu ciptaan berwujud, maka secara otomatis Hak Cipta melekat
pada ciptaan tersebut. Biasanya publikasi dilakukan dengan mencantumkan tanda
Hak Cipta ©. Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang Hak Cipta dimaksudkan sebagai
upaya untuk mewujudkan iklim yang lebih baik bagi tumbuh dan berkembangnya
semangat mencipta di bidang ilmu pengetahuan, seni dan sastra.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="8894658692190278827"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Perbedaan berbagai cyberlaw contoh perbandingan,
computer crime action.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
:<b> <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/perbedaan-berbagai-cyberlaw-contoh.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/perbedaan-berbagai-cyberlaw-contoh.html</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 12.0pt; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Cyberlaw adalah hukum yang digunakan di dunia cyber (dunia maya), yang
umumnya diasosiasikan dengan Internet. Cyberlaw dibutuhkan karena dasar atau
fondasi dari hukum di banyak negara adalah “ruang dan waktu”. Sementara itu,
Internet dan jaringan komputer mendobrak batas ruang dan waktu ini. Cyber Law
adalah aspek hukum yang artinya berasal dari Cyberspace Law.yang ruang
lingkupnya meliputi aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan orang perorangan atau
subyek hukum yang menggunakan dan memanfaatkan teknologi internet yang dimulai
pada saat mulai online dan memasuki dunia cyber atau maya. bisa diartikan cybercrime
itu merupakan kejahatan dalam dunia internet. </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Computer
Crime Action</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Undang-Undang
yang memberikan untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang berkaitan dengan
penyalahgunaan komputer. BE IT diberlakukan oleh Seri Paduka Baginda Yang
di-Pertuan Agong dengan nasihat dan persetujuan dari Dewan Negara dan Dewan
Rakyat di Parlemen dirakit,dan oleh otoritas yang sama. Cyber crime merupakan
salah satu bentuk fenomena baru dalam tindakan kejahatan, hal ini sebagai
dampak langsung dari perkembangan teknologi informasi. Cybercrime adalah
istilah umum, meliputi kegiatan yang dapat dihukum berdasarkan KUHP dan
undang-undang lain, menggunakan komputer dalam jaringan Internet yang merugikan
dan menimbulkan kerusakan pada jaringan komputer Internet, yaitu merusak properti,
masuk tanpa izin, pencurian hak milik intelektual, pornografi, pemalsuan data,
pencurian, pengelapan dana masyarakat. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="7644384053954340456"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Council of europe convention on cybrecrime di
berbagai Negara. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
:<b> <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/council-of-europe-convention-on.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/council-of-europe-convention-on.html</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
:<b> </b> Saat ini berbagai upaya telah dipersiapkan untuk memerangi
cybercrime. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
telah membuat guidelines bagi para pembuat kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan
computer-related crime, di mana pada tahun 1986 OECD telah mempublikasikan
laporannya yang berjudul Computer-Related Crime: Analysis of Legal Policy.
Laporan ini berisi hasil survey terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan
Negara-negara Anggota beserta rekomendasi perubahannya dalam menanggulangi
computer-related crime tersebut, yang mana diakui bahwa sistem telekomunikasi
juga memiliki peran penting dalam kejahatan tersebut. Melengkapi laporan OECD,
The Council of Europe (CE) berinisiatif melakukan studi mengenai kejahatan
tersebut. Studi ini memberikan guidelines lanjutan bagi para pengambil
kebijakan untuk menentukan tindakan-tindakan apa yang seharusnya dilarang
berdasarkan hukum pidana Negara-negara Anggota, dengan tetap memperhatikan
keseimbangan antara hak-hak sipil warga negara dan kebutuhan untuk melakukan
proteksi terhadap computer-related crime tersebut.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="2481534896177942016"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Keterbatasan Undang-undang telekomunikasi dalam
mengatur penggunaan teknologi informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/keterbatasan-undang-undang.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/keterbatasan-undang-undang.html</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
:<b> </b>Didalam UU No. 36 telekomunikasi berisikan sembilan bab yang mengatur
hal-hal berikut ini : Azas dan tujuan telekomunikasi, pembinaaan,
penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi, penyidikan, sanksi administrasi, ketentuan
pidana, ketentuan peralihan dan ketentuan penutup. Undang-Undang ini dibuat
untuk menggantikan UU No.3 Tahun 1989 tentang Telekomunikasi, karena diperlukan
penataan dan pengaturan kembali penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi nasional yang
dimana semua ketentuan itu telah di setujuin oleh DPRRI. UU ini dibuat karena
ada beberapa alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa pengaruh globalisasi dan
perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi yang sangat cepat telah mengakibatkan
perubahan yang mendasar dalam penyelenggaraan dan cara pandang terhadap
telekomunikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="3545519354221412070"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Undang-undang No.19 tentang hak cipta ketentuan umum, ruang lingkup hak
cipta, perlindungan hak cipta, pembatasan hak cipta dan prosedur pendaftaran
HAKI.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/undang-undang-no19-tentang-hak-cipta.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/undang-undang-no19-tentang-hak-cipta.html </span></a></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Hak Cipta terdiri atas hak ekonomi (economic rights) dan hak moral (moral
rights). Hak ekonomi adalah hak untuk mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi atas Ciptaan
serta produk Hak Terkait. Hak moral adalah hak yang melekat pada diri Pencipta
atau Pelaku yang tidak dapat dihilangkan atau dihapus tanpa alasan apa pun,
walaupun Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait telah dialihkan. Perlindungan Hak Cipta tidak
diberikan kepada ide atau gagasan karena karya cipta harus memiliki bentuk yang
khas, bersifat pribadi dan menunjukkan keaslian sebagai Ciptaan yang lahir
berdasarkan kemamp uan, kreativitas, atau keahlian sehingga Ciptaan itu dapat
dilihat, dibaca, atau didengar. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Senin, 15 April 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="7275043036277868493"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Pengertian etika, profesi, ciri khas profesi di
bidang IT.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/pengertian-etika-profesi-ciri-khas.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/pengertian-etika-profesi-ciri-khas.html</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Etika berasal
dari bahasa yunani yaitu ethos yang berarti karakter, watak kesusilaan atau
adat kebiasaan di mana etika berhubungan erat dengan konsep individu atau
kelompok sebagai alat penilai kebenaran atau evaluasi terhadap sesuatu yang
telah dilakukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Jadi, Pengertian Etika adalah
Ilmu yang membahas perbuatan baik dan perbuatan buruk manusia sejauh yang dapat
dipahami oleh pikiran manusia.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Profesi </span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Arti
profesi Terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu secara umum dan secara khusus, secara
umum yang sering di artikan adalah sebuah pekerjaan atau Job yang sering
kita lakukan sehari-hari. Sedangkan secara khusus adalah sebuah jabatan
seseorang walau profesi tersebut tidak bersifat komersial. Profesi merupakan
suatu pekerjaan yang dimilki seseorang, yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu,
yakni pengetahuan dan memiliki status dari pekerjaan tersebut. Profesional
merupakan Seseorang yang memperoleh penghasilan dengan melakukan suatu kegiatan
atau pekerjaan yang memerlukan ketarampilan/keahlian khusus serta memiliki
semangat pengabdian. (Seseorang yang melakukan karena hobi atau untuk kesenangan
biasa disebut sebagai seorang amatir).</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri
Khas Profesi di Bidang TI :</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menurut
Artikel dalam International Encyclopedia of education, ada 10 ciri khas suatu
profesi, yaitu:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu bidang pekerjaan yang
terorganisir dari jenis intelektual yang terus berkembang dan diperluas. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu teknik intelektual</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penerapan praktis dari teknik
intelektual pada urusan praktis.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suatu periode panjang untuk
pelatihan dan sertifikasi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Beberapa standar dan pernyataan
tentang etika yang dapat diselenggarakan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kemampuan untuk kepemimpinan pada
profesi sendiri.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Asosiasi dari anggota profesi yang
menjadi suatu kelompok yang erat dengan kualitas komunikasi. yang tinggi antar
anggotanya.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Perhatian yang profesional terhadap
penggunaan yang bertanggung jawab dari pekerjaan profesi.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hubungan yang erat dengan profesi
lain.</span></div>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Senin, 15 April 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="6284133578997509427"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Pengertian profesionalisme dan ciri2nya, kode etik
profesional, ciri2 seorang profesional di bidang IT </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
:<b> </b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/pengertian-profesionalisme-dan-ciri2nya.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/pengertian-profesionalisme-dan-ciri2nya.html</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Nilai-nilai profesional harus menjadi bagian dan telah menjiwai seseorang
yang sedang mengemban sebuah profesi.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-Ciri
Profesionalisme :</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 20.95pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Punya ketrampilan yang tinggi dalam
suatu bidang serta kemahiran dalam menggunakan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Peralatan tertentu yang diperlukan
dalam pelaksanaan tugas yang bersangkutan dengan bidang tadi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Punya ilmu dan pengalaman serta
kecerdasan dalam menganalisis suatu masalah dan peka di dalam membaca situasi
cepat dan tepat serta cermat dalam mengambil keputusan terbaik atas dasar
kepekaan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Punya sikap berorientasi ke depan
sehingga punya kemampuan mengantisipasi perkembangan lingkungan yang terbentang
di hadapannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Punya sikap mandiri berdasarkan
keyakinan akan kemampuan pribadi serta terbuka menyimak dan menghargai pendapat
orang lain, namun cermat dalam memilih yang terbaik bagi diri dan perkembangan
pribadinya</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kode
Etik Profesional :</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kode
etik merupakan suatu ketetapan yang harus diikuti sebagai petunjuk bagi
karyawan perusahaan atau anggota profesi. Setujunya, setiap bidang profesi
memiliki aturan-aturan/hukum-hukum yang mengatur bagaimana seorang profesional
berfikir dan bertindak. Seseorang yang melanggar Kode Etik dikenakan sanksi.
Sanksi yang dikenakan adalah mulai dari yang paling ringan, yaitu cuma
mendapatkan sebutan “tidak profesional” sampai pada pencabutan ijin praktek,
bahkan hukuman pidana pun bisa terjadi. </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ciri-ciri
seorang profesional di bidang IT :</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b>
<br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi di
bidang TI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai ketrampilan yang tinggi di
bidang TI</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas
tentang manusia dan masyarakat, budaya, seni, sejarah dan komunikasi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Cepat tanggap terhadap masalah
client, paham terhadap isyu-isyu etis serta tata nilai kilen-nya</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mampu melakukan pendekatan
multidispliner</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mampu bekerja sama</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bekerja dibawah disiplin etika</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mampu mengambil keputusan didasarkan
kepada kode etik, bila dihadapkan pada situasi dimana pengambilan keputusan
berakibat luas terhadap masyarakat.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Senin, 15 April 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="4374358137128684607"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Jenis2 ancaman (threats) melalui IT dan kasus2
computer crime/cybercrime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jenis2-ancaman-threats-melalui-it-dan.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jenis2-ancaman-threats-melalui-it-dan.html</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: National Security Agency (NSA) dalam dokuman Information Assurance Technical
Framework (IATF) menggolongkan lima jenis ancaman pada sistem teknologi
informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kelima
ancaman itu adalah :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.
SeranganPasif</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.
Serangan Aktif</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.
Serangan jarak dekat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.
Orang dalam</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.
Serangan distribusi</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kasus-kasus
yang telah terjadi di Indonesia akibat cyber crime, diantaranya :</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penipuan
Lelang On-line</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penipuan
Saham On-line</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penipuan
Kartu Kredit (kini sudah menular di Indonesia)</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Senin, 15 April 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="2283462868784061708"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Jelaskan IT audit trail, real time audit, IT
forensics </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jelaskan-it-audit-trail-real-time-audit.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jelaskan-it-audit-trail-real-time-audit.html</span></a></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Audit trail sebagai “yang menunjukkan catatan yang telah mengakses sistem
operasi komputer dan apa yang dia telah dilakukan selama periode waktu
tertentu”. Dalam telekomunikasi, istilah ini berarti catatan baik akses selesai
dan berusaha dan jasa, atau data membentuk suatu alur yang logis menghubungkan
urutan peristiwa, yang digunakan untuk melacak transaksi yang telah
mempengaruhi isi record. Dalam informasi
atau keamanan komunikasi, audit informasi berarti catatan
kronologis kegiatan sistem untuk memungkinkan rekonstruksi dan pemeriksaan dari
urutan peristiwa dan / atau perubahan dalam suatu acara.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Real
Time Audit</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dari
beberapa sumber yang didapat yang dimaksud dengan Real Time Audit (RTA) adalah
suatu sistem untuk mengawasi teknis dan keuangan sehingga dapat memberikan
penilaian yang transparan status saat ini dari semua kegiatan dengan
mengkombinasikan prosedur sederhana atau logis untuk merencanakan dan melakukan
dana kegiatan, siklus proyek pendekatan untuk memantau kegiatan yang sedang
berlangsung, dan penilaian termasuk cara mencegah pengeluaran yang tidak
sesuai. Audit IT lebih dikenal dengan istilah EDP Auditing (Electronic Data
Processing) yang digunakan untuk menguraikan dua jenis aktifitas yang berkaitan
dengan komputer. Salah satu penggunaan istilah tersebut adalah untuk
menjelaskan proses penelahan dan evaluasi pengendalian-pengendalian internal
dalam EDP.</span><br />
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<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IT
forensics</span></b></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">IT
Forensik adalah cabang dari ilmu komputer tetapi menjurus ke bagian forensik
yaitu berkaitan dengan bukti hukum yang ditemukan di komputer dan media
penyimpanan digital. Komputer forensik juga dikenal sebagai Digital Forensik
yang terdiri dari aplikasi dari ilmu pengetahuan kepada indetifikasi, koleksi,
analisa, dan pengujian dari bukti digital.<br />
IT Forensik adalah penggunaan sekumpulan prosedur untuk melakukan pengujian
secara menyeluruh suatu sistem komputer dengan mempergunakan software dan tool
untuk memelihara barang bukti tindakan kriminal. IT forensik dapat menjelaskan
keadaan artefak digital terkini. Artefak Digital dapat mencakup sistem
komputer, media penyimpanan (seperti hard disk atau CD-ROM, dokumen elektronik
(misalnya pesan email atau gambar JPEG) atau bahkan paket-paket yang secara
berurutan bergerak melalui jaringan. Bidang IT Forensik juga memiliki
cabang-cabang di dalamnya seperti firewall forensik, forensik jaringan ,
database forensik, dan forensik perangkat mobile.</span><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Minggu, 05 Mei 2013</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="693013940993477083"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Jelaskan pemrossesan eksekusi instruksi </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/jelaskan-pemrossesan-eksekusi-instruksi.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/jelaskan-pemrossesan-eksekusi-instruksi.html</span></a></span><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Saat instruksi dimasukkan ke processing-devices, pertama sekali diletakkan di
MAA (melalui Input-storage), apabila berbentuk instruksi ditampung oleh <i>Control
Unit</i> di Program-<i>storage</i>, namun apabila berbentuk data ditampung
di <i>Working-storage</i>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
register siap untuk menerima pengerjaan eksekusi, maka Control Unit akan
mengambil instruksi dari Program-storage untuk ditampungkan ke Instruction
Register, sedangkan alamat memori yang berisikan instruksi tersebut ditampung
di Program Counter. Sedangkan data diambil oleh Control Unit dari
Working-storage untuk ditampung di <i>General-purpose register</i> (dalam
hal ini di <i>Operand-register</i>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jika
instruksi pengerjaan yang dilakukan adalah arithmatika dan logika, maka ALU
akan mengambil alih operasi untuk mengerjakan berdasar instruksi yang
ditetapkan. Hasilnya ditampung di Akumulator. Apabila hasil pengolahan telah
selesai, maka <i>Control Uni</i>t akan mengambil hasil pengolahan di
Accumulator untuk ditampung kembali ke <i>Working-storage</i>. Jika
pengerjaan keseluruhan telah selesai, maka <i>Control Unit</i> akan
menjemput hasil pengolahan dari <i>Working-storage</i> untuk
ditampung ke <i>Output-storage</i>. Lalu selanjutnya dari <i>Output-storage</i>,
hasil pengolahan akan ditampilkan ke<i>output-devices</i>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Minggu, 12 Mei 2013</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="8311228526759457390"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Etika instruksi pada proses pengeksekusian.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/etika-instruksi-pada-proses.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/etika-instruksi-pada-proses.html</span></a></b></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Berdasarkan
konsep program tersimpan, program yang dieksekusi (kumpulan instruksi) di
memori. Pemroses melakukan tugasnya dengan mengeksekusi instruksi di program.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tahap pemrosesan instruksi ini berisi dua tahap, yaitu: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 1. Pemroses membaca instruksi
dari memori (<i>fetch</i>)</span></div>
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<span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: FI; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> 2.
Pemroses mengeksekusi instruksi dari memori (<i>execute</i>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Minggu, 12 Mei 2013</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="1433502047580055863"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Perbedaan Data dan Informasi
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi_12.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi_12.html</span></a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Data adalah informasi yang disimpan yang dapat sewaktu-waktu di gunakan oleh
penggunannya. Data merupakan raw material untuk suatu informasi. Perbedaan
informasi dan data sangat relatif tergantung pada nilai gunanya bagi manajemen
yang memerlukan. Suatu informasi bagi level manajemen tertentu bisa menjadi
data bagi manajemen level di atasnya, atau sebaliknya. Wikipedia mengatakan
bahwa Data adalah catatan atas kumpulan fakta. Data merupakan bentuk jamak dari
datum, berasal dari bahasa Latin yang berarti “sesuatu yang diberikan”. Dalam
penggunaan sehari-hari data berarti suatu pernyataan yang diterima secara apa
adanya. Pernyataan ini adalah hasil pengukuran atau pengamatan suatu variabel
yang bentuknya dapat berupa angka, kata-kata, atau citra.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Informasi:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Informasi adalah sesuatu data yang
dikumpulkan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Wikipedia menjelaskan bahwa
Informasi adalah pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran, pengalaman,
atau instruksi. Namun demikian, istilah ini memiliki banyak arti bergantung
pada konteksnya, dan secara umum berhubungan erat dengan konsep seperti arti,
pengetahuan, negentropy, komunikasi, kebenaran, representasi, dan rangsangan
mental.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Minggu, 12 Mei 2013</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="7455477205835979225"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/interkoneksi-antar-komponen-dan.html"><span style="color: blue;">Interkoneksi antar komponen dan analisanya</span></a>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b> </b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/interkoneksi-antar-komponen-dan.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/interkoneksi-antar-komponen-dan.html</span></a></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: SV; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Interkoneksi antar komponen adalah struktur dan mekanisme untuk menghubungkan
ketiga komponen (pemroses, memori utama, dan perangkat masukan/keluaran).
Secara fisik interkoneksi antar komponen berupa perkawatan baik berupa
perkawatan logam atau cara koneksi fisik lainnya. Komponen interkoneksi
sesungguhnya tidak hanya perkawatan tapi juga tata cara atau aturan (atau
protokol) komunikasi di antara elemen-elemen terhubung yang berkomunikasi agar
tidak kacau sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Terdapat banyak
sistem bus, yang popular diantaranya ISA, VESA, dan PCI. Normal 0 false false
false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Interkoneksi antar komponen disebut bus, yang terdiri
dari:</span></div>
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<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bus alamat (<i>Address bus</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bus data (<i>data bus)</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Bus kendali (<i>Control bus</i>)<b> </b></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b> </b> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Selasa, 25 juni 2013 </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Pengertian shell, batch konsol, kernel </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
:
http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/06/pengertian-shell-batch-konsol-kernel.html </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisarinya
: Shell adalah salah satu jenis <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program"><span style="color: blue;">program</span></a> asali <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_operasi"><span style="color: blue;">sistem
operasi</span></a> (seringnya merupakan program yang terpisah dari <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel"><span style="color: blue;">inti sistem
operasi</span></a>) yang menyediakan komunikasi langsung antara pengguna dan
sistem operasi. Shell merupakan salah satu dari sekian banyak bahasa
pemrograman. Shell memiliki sebuah keunikan tersendiri, Karena berjalan
disebuah platform Linux atau Unix, dan memiliki konsep perintah tingkat tinggi.
Shell juga dikenal dengan bahasa “command line processing” ini karena sintak
yang digunakan di dalam pemrograman shell merupakan perintah-perintah dasar
dari Linux atau Unix. Selain itu juga sintak Shell dapat langsung dieksekusi
langsung pada terminal. Batch console adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan secara
kelompok yang dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan perintah-perintah di sebuah
file text tertentu pada OS Linux. Kernel adalah suatu perangkat lunak yang
menjadi bagian utama dari sebuah sistem operasi. Tugasnya melayani bermacam
program aplikasi untuk mengakses perangkat keras komputer secara aman. Karena
akses terhadap perangkat keras terbatas sedangkan ada lebih dari satu program
yang harus dilayani dalam waktu yang bersamaan maka kernel juga bertugas untuk
mengatur kapan dan berapa lama suatu program dapat menggunakan satu bagian
perangkat keras tersebut. Hal tersebut dinamakan sebagai multiplexing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP"><span style="color: blue;">www.scribd.com/doc</span></a><a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP"><span style="color: blue;">/110860751/Command-Prompt-Pada-Win-XP</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://ahmadkaseibuddin.student.esaunggul.ac.id/2012/12/16/shell-programming/"><span style="color: blue;">http://ahmadkaseibuddin.student.esaunggul.ac.id/2012/12/16/shell-programming/</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://kamusonline49.blogspot.com/2010/12/kernel.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://kamusonline49.blogspot.com/2010/12/kernel.html</span></a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Selasa, 25 juni 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Single precision, double precision</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/06/single-precision-double-precision.html">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/06/single-precision-double-precision.html</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">a.
Variabel Nu</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">merik
ketepatan tunggal (single precision), dapat mewakili nilai berkisar dari
2.938736 x 10-39 sampai dengan 1.701412 x 1038 dengan ketepatan 7 digit.
Biasanya dibelakang variabel ini diberi tanda !.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh
: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10
A=22/7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">20
B!=20/3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">30
PRINT A</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40
PRINT B!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">b.
Variabel numerik ketepatan ganda (double precision), dapat mewakili nilai
berkisar antara 2.938745877055719 x 10-39 sampai dengan 1.701411834604692 x
1038 dengan ketepatan samapai dengan 16 digit. Biasanya variabel ini
ditunjukkan dengan tanda # diakhir namanya. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh
: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10
A#=22/7</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">20
B#=22/7#</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">30
PRINT A#</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">40
PRINT B#</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://raahmaad.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/variabel-dalam-basic/"><span style="color: blue;">http://raahmaad.wordpress.com/2012/10/12/variabel-dalam-basic/</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br />
Tanggal : Selasa, 25 Juni 2013 <br />
Judul : Akses input output, pendeteksian kebenaran dan pelaksaan program <br />
Link :
http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/06/pengertian-dr-akses-input-output.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br />
Intisari: <br />
Akses Input Output : </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input
device</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Input
device atau input peripheral adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menerima masukkan
data dan program yang akan diproses di dalam komputer.Berfungsi sebagai media
untuk memasukkan data dari luar ke dalam suatu memori dan processor untuk
diolah guna menghasilkan informasi yang diperlukan. Input devices atau unit
masukan yang umumnya digunakan personal komputer (PC) adalah keyboard dan
mouse, keyboard dan mouse adalah unit yang menghubungkan user (pengguna) dengan
komputer.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output
device</span></b></li>
</ul>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output
device bisa diartikan sebagai peralatan yang berfungsi untuk mengeluarkan hasil
pemrosesan ataupun pengolahan data yang berasal dari CPU kedalam suatu media
yang dapat dibaca oleh manusia ataupun dapat digunakan untuk penyimpanan data
hasil proses. Jenis dan media dari output device yang dimiliki oleh komputer
cukup banyak. Output yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan data dapat digolongkan ke
dalam empat macam yaitu tulisan, image, suara, dan bentuk yang dapat dibaca
oleh mesin (machine-readable form).</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendeteksian
Kebenaran</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pendeteksian
kebenarana adalah tugas yang sangat penting dalam proses pengembangan perangkat
lunak, karena program yang salah dapat memiliki konsekuensi yang signifikan
bagi penggunanya. Beberapa bahasa yang lebih rentan terhadap beberapa jenis
kesalahan karena mereka tidak memerlukan spesifikasi kompiler untuk melakukan
pengecekan sebanyak bahasa lainnya. Penggunaan alat analisis statis dapat
membantu mendeteksi beberapa kemungkinan masalah.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pelaksanaan
Program</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Untuk
mewujudkan suatu tujuan atau target, maka haruslah ada pelaksanaan yang
merupakan proses kegiatan yang berkesinambungan sehingga tercapai tujuan yang
diharapkan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sebagaimana yang dikemukakkan oleh
Santoso Sastropoetro (1982:183) sebagai berikut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“pelaksanaan diartikan sebagai suatu usaha atau kegiatan
tertentu yang dilakukan untuk mewujudkan rencana atau program dalam
kenyataannya”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selanjutnya Charles D. Jones
dalam Silalahi (1984:49), mengemukakkan mengenai pelaksanaan ata implementasi
yakni:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“Konsep dinamis yang meibatkan secara terus menerus
usaha-usaha yang mencari apa yang dilakukan, mengatur aktivitas-aktivitas yang
mengarah pada pendapat suatu program kedalam dampak”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber
:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/2013/06/pengertian-akses-input-output.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/2013/06/pengertian-akses-input-output.html</span></a></span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal : Selasa, 25 Juni 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Storage sistem
multitasking, sistem unit programming , sistem komputasi batch</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link :
http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/06/struktur-storage-sistem-multitasking.html</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari :</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Struktur Storage</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Storage
adalah penyimpan, tempat penyimpanan, media yang digunakan untuk menyimpan data
yang diolah oleh komputer, Fungsi storage adalah menyimpan data atau file dalam
jangka panjang dan pendek. Teknologi penyimpanan dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok
yaitu memori internal dan eksternal .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyimpanan
internal (biasa juga di sebut main memori atau memori utama) berfungsi sebagai
pengikat sementara baik bagi data program maupun informasi ketika proses pengolahanya
di laksanakan oleh CPU. Dua contoh memori internal ROM dan RAM.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ROM
(Read Only Memory) adalah memory yang hanya bisa dibaca sedang kan RAM (Random
Access Memory) memori yang isinya bisa diperbaharui .</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penyimpanan
eksternal (exsternal Storage) dikenal juga dengan sebutan penyimpanan sekunder.
Penyimpanan eksternal adalah segala piranti yang berfungsi untuk menyimpan data
secara permanen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Permanen</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Disini
berarti bahwa data yang terdapat pada penyimpan akan tetap terpelihara dengan
baik sekalipun computer sudah dalam keadaan mati.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Contoh
: Hardisk, plopydisk. dll</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Multitasking</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengirim
email sambil berbicara di telepon adalah contoh multitasking. Ketika Anda
melakukan beberapa tugas pada satu waktu, Anda mungkin merasa lebih efektif dan
produktif. Namun, sebaliknya adalah benar, menurut sebuah artikel Bisnis Ulasan
Harvard. Sementara multitasking, efisiensi berkurang sebanyak 40 persen. Hal
ini karena otak membutuhkan waktu - hingga 15 menit - untuk kembali fokus pada
tugas setelah gangguan. Today melaporkan psikologi bahwa apa yang orang anggap
sebagai multitasking lebih baik digambarkan sebagai "seri tasking,"
karena Anda benar-benar berubah dengan cepat dari satu tugas yang lain.
Multitasking adalah istilah teknologi informasi dalam bahsa inggris yang
mengacu kepada sebuah metode dimana banyak pekerjaan atau dikenal juga sebagai
proses diolah dengan menggunakan sumber daya CPU yang sama.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b> </b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
Uniprogramming </span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Uniprogramming
: hanya satu job yang diproses pada satu waktu dan semua resource sistem
tersedia secara eksklusif sampai job terselesaikan. </span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sistem
Komputasi Batch</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Batch merupakan
baris-baris perintah yang dapat digunakan secara langsung. Batch Adalah sistem
pengelompokan job (batch; pengelompokan bersama) dan dijalankan oleh komputer
sebagai satu kelompok eksekusi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Sumber :</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 5; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/2013/06/penjelasan-dan-gambar-struktur-storage.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://claraviwin.blogspot.com/2013/06/penjelasan-dan-gambar-struktur-storage.html</span></a></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://khakimah.blogspot.com/2013/06/multi-tasking-multi-user-single-tasking.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://khakimah.blogspot.com/2013/06/multi-tasking-multi-user-single-tasking.html</span></a></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B. TUGAS</span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="8735638320423856797"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Undang-undang No.36 tentang telekomunikasi, azaz dan
tujuan telekomunikasi, penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi, penyelidikan, sanksi dan
ketentukan pindana.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/undang-undang-no36-tentang.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/undang-undang-no36-tentang.html</span></a></b></span><br />
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Pada UU No. 36 Pasal 2 menjelaskan Azas Telekomunikasi, yang berbunyi:
Telekomunikasi diselenggarakan berdasarkan asas manfaat, adil dan merata,
kepastian hukum, keamanan, kemitraan, etika, dan kepercayaan pada diri sendiri.
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan
Telekomunikasi</span></b></li>
</ul>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tujuan
dari komunikasi diatur dalam UU No. 36 pasal 3 yang berbunyi: Telekomunikasi
diselenggarakan dengan tujuan untuk mendukung persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa,
meningkatkan kesejajteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat secara adil dan merata,
mendukung kehidupan ekonomi dan kegiatan pemerintah, serta meningkatkan
hubungan antarbangsa. Apakah ada keterbatasan yang dituangkan dalam UU no.36
Telekomunikasi tersebut dalam hal mengatur penggunaan teknologi Informasi. Maka
berdasarkan isi dari UU tersebut tidak ada penjelasan mengenai batasan-batasan
yang mengatur secara spesifik dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi tersebut,
artinya dalan UU tersebut tidak ada peraturan yang secara resmi dapat membatasi
penggunaan teknologi komunikasi ini. Namun akan lain ceritanya jika kita
mencoba mencari batasan-batasan dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi berbasis
sistem komputer yang merupakan sistem elektronik yang dapat dilihat secara
virtual, maka hal tersebut diatur dalam UU No.11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi
dan Transaksi Elektronik terutama BAB VII tentang Perbuatan yang Dilarang.
Untuk itu kita sebagai pengguna teknologi informasi dan komunikasi harus lebih
bijak dan berhati-hati lagi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi ini dengan
memperhatikan peraturan dan norma yang
ada.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Sabtu, 30 Maret 2013 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Keterbatasan Undang-undang telekomunikasi dalam mengatur penggunaan teknologi
informasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/keterbatasan-undang-undang.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/03/keterbatasan-undang-undang.html</span></a></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Didalam UU No. 36 telekomunikasi berisikan sembilan bab yang mengatur hal-hal
berikut ini : Azas dan tujuan telekomunikasi, pembinaaan, penyelenggaraan
telekomunikasi, penyidikan, sanksi administrasi, ketentuan pidana, ketentuan
peralihan dan ketentuan penutup. Undang-Undang ini dibuat untuk menggantikan UU
No.3 Tahun 1989 tentang Telekomunikasi, karena diperlukan penataan dan
pengaturan kembali penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi nasional yang dimana semua
ketentuan itu telah di setujuin oleh DPRRI. UU ini dibuat karena ada beberapa
alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa pengaruh globalisasi dan perkembangan
teknologi telekomunikasi yang sangat cepat telah mengakibatkan perubahan yang
mendasar dalam penyelenggaraan dan cara pandang terhadap telekomunikasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Senin, 15 April 2013</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="4476023670056879064"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul : Jelaskan perbedaan "around the computer"
dan "through the computer" berikan contoh prosedur dan lembar kerja
IT audit tsb.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <b><a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jelaskan-perbedaan-around-computer-dan.html"><span style="color: blue; font-weight: normal;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/04/jelaskan-perbedaan-around-computer-dan.html</span></a></b> </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari : Audit terhadap suatu
penyelenggaraan sistem informasi berbasis komputer tanpa menggunakan kemampuan
dari peralatan itu sendiri. Audit terjadi sebelum dilakukan pemeriksaan secara
langsung terhadap data ataupun program yang ada didalam program itu sendiri.
Pendekatan ini memfokuskan pada input dan output, sehingga tidak perlu
memperhatikan pemrosesan komputer.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Auditing-through the computer</span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Audit
terhadap suatu penyelenggaraan sistem informasi berbasis komputer dengan
menggunakan fasilitas komputer yang sama dengan yang digunakan dalam pemrosesan
data. pendekatan audit ini berorientasi computer yang secara langsung berfokus
pada operasi pemrosesan dalam system computer dengan asumsi bila terdapat
pengendalian yang memadai dalam pemrosesan, maka kesalahan dan penyalah gunaan
dapat dideteksi. Pendekatan ini dapat menggunakan perangkat lunak dalam bentuk
specialized audit software (SAS) dan generalized audit software (GAS).<b> </b>Pendekatan
Audit ini digunakan bila pendekatan Auditing Around the Computer tidak cocok
atau tidak mencukupi. Pendekatan ini dapat diterapkan bersama-sama dengan
pendekatan Auditing Around the Computer untuk memberikan kepastian yang lebih
besar.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Lembar
Kerja IT AUDIT</span></b></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Stakeholders : Internal IT
Deparment, External IT Consultant, Board of Commision, Management, Internal IT
Auditor, External IT Auditor</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Kualifikasi Auditor : Certified
Information Systems Auditor (CISA),Certified Internal Auditor (CIA), Certified
Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), dll.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output Internal IT : Solusi
teknologi meningkat, menyeluruh & mendalam, Fokus kepada global,
menuju ke standard-standard yang diakui</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output External IT: Rekrutmen staff,
teknologi baru dan kompleksitasnya, Outsourcing yang tepat, Benchmark /
Best-Practices.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Output Internal Audit &
Business: Menjamin keseluruhan audit, Budget & Alokasi sumber
daya, Reporting.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Jumat, 24 Mei 2013</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Tata cara/aturan etika komunikasi agar tidak kacau.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/tata-caraaturan-etika-komunikasi-agar.html"><span style="color: blue;">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/tata-caraaturan-etika-komunikasi-agar.html</span></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Intisari
: Komponen komunikasi adalah hal-hal yang harus ada agar komunikasi bisa
berlangsung dengan baik. Menurut <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laswell&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Laswell (halaman belum tersedia)"><span style="color: blue;">Laswell</span></a>
komponen-komponen komunikasi adalah: </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengirim atau komunikator (<i>sender</i>)
adalah pihak yang mengirimkan pesan kepada pihak lain.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pesan (<i>message</i>) adalah
isi atau maksud yang akan disampaikan oleh satu pihak kepada pihak lain.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Saluran (<i>channel</i>) adalah
media dimana pesan disampaikan kepada komunikan. dalam komunikasi
antar-pribadi (tatap muka) saluran dapat berupa udara yang mengalirkan
getaran nada/suara.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Penerima atau komunikate (<i>receiver</i>)
adalah pihak yang menerima pesan dari pihak lain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Umpan balik (<i>feedback</i>)
adalah tanggapan dari penerimaan pesan atas isi pesan yang
disampaikannya. </span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Aturan yang disepakati para
pelaku komunikasi tentang bagaimana komunikasi itu akan dijalankan
("Protokol") </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tanggal
: Jumat, 24 Mei 2013<a href="http://www.blogger.com/null" name="5900901565270979603"></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Judul
: Tampilan user interface dari semua materi dari awal sampai akhir </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Link
: <a href="http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/storyboard-pertemuan.html">http://taarahay.blogspot.com/2013/05/storyboard-pertemuan.html</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-59009015652709796032013-05-24T21:13:00.002-07:002013-06-28T06:22:51.503-07:00Tata cara/aturan etika komunikasi agar tidak kacau<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Komunikasi atau communicaton berasal dari bahasa Latin communis yang berarti 'sama'. Communico, communicatio atau communicare yang berarti membuat sama (make to common). Secara sederhana komuniikasi dapat terjadi apabila ada kesamaan antara penyampaian pesan dan orang yang menerima pesan. Oleh sebab itu, komunikasi bergantung pada kemampuan kita untuk dapat memahami satu dengan yang lainnya (communication depends on our ability to understand one another).</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pada awalnya, komunikasi digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kebutuhan organis. Sinyal-sinyal kimiawi pada organisme awal digunakan untuk reproduksi. Seiring dengan evolusi kehidupan, maka sinyal-sinyal kimiawi primitif yang digunakan dalam berkomunikasi juga ikut berevolusi dan membuka peluang terjadinya perilaku yang lebih rumit seperti tarian kawin pada ikan. Manusia berkomunikasi untuk membagi pengetahuan dan pengalaman. Bentuk umum komunikasi manusia termasuk bahasa sinyal, bicara, tulisan, gerakan, dan penyiaran. Komunikasi dapat berupa interaktif, komunikasi transaktif|transaktif, komunikasi bertujuan bertujuan, atau komunikasi tak bertujuan tak bertujuan.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Melalui komunikasi, sikap dan perasaan seseorang atau sekelompok orang dapat dipahami oleh pihak lain. Akan tetapi, komunikasi hanya akan efektif apabila pesan yang disampaikan dapat ditafsirkan sama oleh penerima pesan tersebut. Walaupun komunikasi sudah dipelajari sejak lama dan termasuk “barang antik”, topik ini menjadi penting khususnya pada abad 20 karena pertumbuhan komunikasi digambarkan sebagai “penemuan yang revolusioner”, hal ini dikarenakan peningkatan teknologi komunikasi yang pesat seperti radio. Televisi, telepon, satelit dan jaringan komuter seiring dengan industrialisasi bidang usaha yang besar dan politik yang mendunia. Komunikasi dalam tingkat akademi mungkin telah memiliki departemen sendiri dimana komunikasi dibagi-bagi menjadi komunikasi masa, komunikasi bagi pembawa acara, humas dan lainnya, namun subyeknya akan tetap. Pekerjaan dalam komunikasi mencerminkan keberagaman komunikasi itu sendiri.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Komponen komunikasi adalah hal-hal yang harus ada agar komunikasi bisa berlangsung dengan baik. Menurut Laswell komponen-komponen komunikasi adalah:</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></ul>
<ul style="text-align: justify;" type="disc"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pengirim atau komunikator (sender) adalah pihak yang mengirimkan pesan kepada pihak lain.</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Pesan (message) adalah isi atau maksud yang akan disampaikan oleh satu pihak kepada pihak lain.</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Saluran (channel) adalah media dimana pesan disampaikan kepada komunikan. dalam komunikasi antar-pribadi (tatap muka) saluran dapat berupa udara yang mengalirkan getaran nada/suara.</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Penerima atau komunikate (receiver) adalah pihak yang menerima pesan dari pihak lain</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Umpan balik (feedback) adalah tanggapan dari penerimaan pesan atas isi pesan yang disampaikannya.</span><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Aturan yang disepakati para pelaku komunikasi tentang bagaimana komunikasi itu akan dijalankan ("Protokol")</span></li>
<br /><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></span>
</ul>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-74554772058359792252013-05-12T02:16:00.000-07:002013-06-28T06:25:00.457-07:00Interkoneksi antar komponen dan analisanya<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi
antar komponen adalah struktur dan mekanisme untuk menghubungkan ketiga
komponen (pemroses, memori utama, dan perangkat masukan/keluaran). Secara fisik
interkoneksi antar komponen berupa perkawatan baik berupa perkawatan logam atau
cara koneksi fisik lainnya. Komponen interkoneksi sesungguhnya tidak hanya perkawatan
tapi juga tata cara atau aturan (atau protokol) komunikasi di antara
elemen-elemen terhubung yang berkomunikasi agar tidak kacau sehingga dapat mencapai
tujuan yang diharapkan. Terdapat banyak sistem bus, yang popular diantaranya
ISA, VESA, dan PCI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi antar komponen
disebut bus, yang terdiri dari:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
alamat (<i>Address bus</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
data (<i>data bus)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
kendali (<i>Control bus</i>)<span class="apple-style-span"><b> </b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> alamat berisi
16, 20,24 jalur sinyal parallel atau lebih. CPU mengirim alamat lokasi memori
atau port yang ingin ditulis atau dibawa di <i>bus</i> ini. Jumlah lokasi
memori yang dapat dialamati ditentukan jumlah jalur alamat. Jika CPU mempunyai
N jalur alamat maka dapat mengalamati 2 pangkat N (2<sup>N</sup>) lokasi memori
dan/atau <i>port</i> secara langsung. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saat CPU membaca atau menulis data mengenai <i>port</i>, alamat port
dikirim di <i>bus</i> alamat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Data<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> data berisi
8,16, 32 jalur sinyal parallel atau lebih. Jalur data adalah dua arah (<i>bidirectional</i>).
CPU dapat membaca dan mengirim data dari/ke memori atau <i>port</i>. Banyak
perangkat pada system yang dicantolkan ke <i>bus</i> data tapi hanya satu
perangkat pada satu saat yang dapat memakainya. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengatur ini, perangkat harus mempunyai tiga state
(<i>tristate</i>) agar dapat dipasang pada bus data.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Kendali<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus kendali berisi 4-10 jalur sinyal
parallel. CPU mengirim sinyal-sinyal pada bus kendali untuk memerintahkan
memori atau <i>port.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sinyal
bus kendali antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Memory
read</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> : Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan memori<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Memory
write</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> : <o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan penulisan memori<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I/O
read</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> : Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan <i>port I/O</i> <o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I/O
write</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> : Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan penulisan memori<o:p></o:p> dan
sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Analisa
: Pada dasarnya interkoneksi antar komponen merupakan struktur dan mekanisme untuk
menghubungkan ketiga komponen yang terdiri dari pemroses, memori utama, dan
perangkat masukan/keluaran. Secara fisik interkoneksi antar komponen berupa
perkawatan baik berupa perkawatan logam atau cara koneksi fisik lainnya. Tetapi
komponen interkoneksi sesungguhnya tidak hanya perkawatan tapi juga tata cara
atau aturan atau juga protokol komunikasi di antara elemen-elemen terhubung
yang berkomunikasi agar tidak kacau sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan yang
diharapkan. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi antar
komponen disebut bus, yang terdiri dari : </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus alamat (<i>Address
bus</i>), Bus data (<i>data bus)</i> dan Bus kendali (<i>Control bus</i>)<span class="apple-style-span"><b>.</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ichigo-pengetahuan.blogspot.com/p/komponen-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ichigo-pengetahuan.blogspot.com/p/komponen-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-14335020475800558632013-05-12T02:14:00.003-07:002013-06-29T10:41:21.181-07:00Perbedaan Data dan Informasi<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Data:</span></b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Data adalah
informasi yang disimpan yang dapat sewaktu-waktu di gunakan oleh penggunannya.
Data merupakan raw material untuk suatu informasi. Perbedaan informasi dan data
sangat relatif tergantung pada nilai gunanya bagi manajemen yang memerlukan.
Suatu informasi bagi level manajemen tertentu bisa menjadi data bagi manajemen
level di atasnya, atau sebaliknya. Wikipedia mengatakan bahwa Data adalah
catatan atas kumpulan fakta. Data merupakan bentuk jamak dari datum, berasal
dari bahasa Latin yang berarti “sesuatu yang diberikan”. Dalam penggunaan
sehari-hari data berarti suatu pernyataan yang diterima secara apa adanya.
Pernyataan ini adalah hasil pengukuran atau pengamatan suatu variabel yang
bentuknya dapat berupa angka, kata-kata, atau citra.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam keilmuan (ilmiah), fakta
dikumpulkan untuk menjadi data. Data kemudian diolah sehingga dapat diutarakan
secara jelas dan tepat sehingga dapat dimengerti oleh orang lain yang tidak
langsung mengalaminya sendiri, hal ini dinamakan deskripsi. Pemilahan banyak
data sesuai dengan persamaan atau perbedaan yang dikandungnya dinamakan
klasifikasi. Klasifikasi, Jenis dan Macam Data – Pembagian Data Dalam Ilmu
Eksak Sains Statistik / Statistika.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis Data Menurut Cara Memperolehnya:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Primer Data primer adalah secara langsung diambil dari objek / obyek penelitian
oleh peneliti perorangan maupun organisasi. Contoh : Mewawancarai langsung
penonton bioskop 21 untuk meneliti preferensi konsumen bioskop.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Sekunder Data sekunder adalah data yang didapat tidak secara langsung dari
objek penelitian. Peneliti mendapatkan data yang sudah jadi yang dikumpulkan
oleh pihak lain dengan berbagai cara atau metode baik secara komersial maupun
non komersial. Contohnya adalah pada peneliti yang menggunakan data statistik
hasil riset dari surat kabar atau majalah.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-Macam Data Berdasarkan Sumber
Data:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Internal Data internal adalah data yang menggambarkan situasi dan kondisi
pada suatu organisasi secara internal. Misal : data keuangan, data
pegawai, data produksi, dsb.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Eksternal Data eksternal adalah data yang menggambarkan situasi serta
kondisi yang ada di luar organisasi. Contohnya adalah data jumlah penggunaan
suatu produk pada konsumen, tingkat preferensi pelanggan, persebaran
penduduk, dan lain sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klasifikasi Dara Berdasarkan Jenis
Datanya:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Kuantitatif Data kuantitatif adalah data yang dipaparkan dalam bentuk
angka-angka. Misalnya adalah jumlah pembeli saat hari raya idul adha,
tinggi badan siswa kelas 3 ips 2, dan lain-lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Kualitatif Data kualitatif adalah data yang disajikan dalam bentuk
kata-kata yang mengandung makna. Contohnya seperti persepsi konsumen
terhadap botol air minum dalam kemasan, anggapan para ahli terhadap
psikopat dan lain-lain.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian Jenis Data Berdasarkan Sifat
Data:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Diskrit Data diskrit adalah data yang nilainya adalah bilangan asli.
Contohnya adalah berat badan ibu-ibu pkk sumber ayu, nilai rupiah dari
waktu ke waktu, dan lain-sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Kontinyu Data kontinyu adalah data yang nilainya ada pada suatu interval
tertentu atau berada pada nilai yang satu ke nilai yang lainnya. Contohnya
penggunaan kata sekitar, kurang lebih, kira-kira, dan sebagainya. Dinas
pertanian daerah mengimpor bahan baku pabrik pupuk kurang lebih 850 ton.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-jenis Data Menurut Waktu
Pengumpulannya:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Cross Section Data cross-section adalah data yang menunjukkan titik waktu
tertentu. Contohnya laporan keuangan per 31 desember 2006, data pelanggan
PT. angin ribut bulan mei 2004, dan lain sebagainya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data
Time Series / Berkala Data berkala adalah data yang datanya menggambarkan
sesuatu dari waktu ke waktu atau periode secara historis. Contoh data time
series adalah data perkembangan nilai tukar dollar amerika terhadap euro
eropa dari tahun 2004 sampai 2006, jumlah pengikut jamaah nurdin m. top
dan doktor azahari dari bulan ke bulan, dll. Fakta (bahasa Latin: factus)
ialah segala sesuatu yang tertangkap oleh indra manusia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Catatan atas pengumpulan fakta disebut
data. Fakta seringkali diyakini oleh orang banyak (umum) sebagai hal yang
sebenarnya, baik karena mereka telah mengalami kenyataan-kenyataan dari dekat
maupun karena mereka dianggap telah melaporkan pengalaman orang lain yang
sesungguhnya. Dalam istilah keilmuan fakta adalah suatu hasil observasi
yang obyektif dan dapat dilakukan verifikasi oleh siapapun.</span><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Informasi:</span></b><span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Informasi adalah
sesuatu data yang dikumpulkan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Wikipedia menjelaskan
bahwa Informasi adalah pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran,
pengalaman, atau instruksi. Namun demikian, istilah ini memiliki banyak arti
bergantung pada konteksnya, dan secara umum berhubungan erat dengan konsep
seperti arti, pengetahuan, negentropy, komunikasi, kebenaran, representasi, dan
rangsangan mental.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam beberapa hal pengetahuan tentang
peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu atau situasi yang telah dikumpulkan atau diterima
melalui proses komunikasi, pengumpulan intelejen, ataupun didapatkan dari
berita juga dinamakan informasi. Informasi yang berupa koleksi data dan fakta
seringkali dinamakan informasi statistik. Dalam bidang ilmu komputer, informasi
adalah data yang disimpan, diproses, atau ditransmisikan. Penelitian ini
memfokuskan pada definisi informasi sebagai pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari
pembelajaran, pengalaman, atau instruksi dan alirannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: ""serif"","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sumber : </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://perbedaan.com/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: ""serif"","serif";">http://perbedaan.com/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi/</span></a></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-83112285267594573902013-05-12T02:10:00.003-07:002013-05-12T02:10:55.581-07:00Etika instruksi pada proses pengeksekusian <link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Etika instruksi pada eksekusi pemrossesan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Berdasarkan konsep program tersimpan, program yang dieksekusi (kumpulan
instruksi) di memori. Pemroses melakukan tugasnya dengan mengeksekusi instruksi
di program.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Tahap pemrosesan instruksi ini berisi dua tahap, yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses membaca instruksi dari
memori (<i>fetch</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mengeksekusi instruksi dari memori (<i>execute</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode Eksekusi instruksi</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mempunyai beragam mode eksekusi, biasanya dikalikan dengan
kewenangan yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program bagian dari sistem operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program pemakai<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi tertentu hanya dapat dieksekusi di mode berkewenangan
tinggi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi yang memerlukan
kewenangan tinggi, misalnya:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Membaca atau memodifikasi <i>register
</i>kendali (<i>bit-bit register</i> PSW)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi primitif
perangkat masukan/keluaran<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi untuk manajemen
memori<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bagian memori tertentu hanya dapat diakses dalam mode
kewenangan tinggi</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode Pemakai
dan Mode Sistem</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode dengan kewenangan rendah disebut mode pemakai (<i>user
mode</i>) karena program pemakai (aplikasi) biasa dieksekusi dalam mode ini.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode dengan kewenangan tinggi disebut:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode system (<i>system mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode kendali (<i>Control mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode supervisor (<i>Supervisor mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode kernel (<i>kernel mode</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Biasanya rutin sistem atau kendali atau kernel dieksekusi dengan mode ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alasan adanya dua mode adalah untuk menjaga keamanan.
Tabel sistem operasi, seperti tabel proses (PCB) harus dicegah dari intervensi
program pemakai. Modifikasi table proses hanya dapat dilakukan di mode system .
Program pemakai bermode pemakai takkan mampu mengubah table proses sehingga
tidak merusak system.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pada mode
kernel, perangkat lunak mempunyai kendali penuh terhadap pemroses, instruksi, <i>register</i>
dan memori. Tingkat kendali ini tidak tersedia bagi program pemakai sehingga sistem
operasi tidak dapat diintervensi program pemakai. Pencegahan ini menghindari
kekacauan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mengetahui mode eksekusi dari <i>bit</i> di PSW.
Terdapat <i>bit</i> di PSW yang menyatakan mode eksekusi.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bila program pemakai meminta layanan system operasi dengan mengambil <i>system
call</i>, pemanggilan <i>system call</i> menyababkan <i>trap</i>. Sistem
mengubah mode eksekusi menjadi mode <i>kernel</i>. Di mode <i>kernel</i>,
system operasi memenuhi yang diminta program pemakai. Begitu selesai, sistem
operasi segera mengubah mode menjadi mode pemakai dan mengembalikan kendali
program pemakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dengan dua mode dan teknik penjebakan (trap) diperoleh manfaat:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mencegah program pemakai mengacau
table-tabel sistem operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span>2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mencegah program pemakai mengacau mekanisme pengendalian
sistem operasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sumber : </span><a href="http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-29599166230925593592013-05-06T00:32:00.000-07:002013-05-24T21:34:19.220-07:00Interkoneksi antar komponen<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi
antar komponen<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi
antar komponen adalah struktur dan mekanisme untuk menghubungkan ketiga
komponen (pemroses, memori utama, dan perangkat masukan/keluaran). Secara fisik
interkoneksi antar komponen berupa perkawatan baik berupa perkawatan logam atau
cara koneksi fisik lainnya. Komponen interkoneksi sesungguhnya tidak hanya perkawatan
tapi juga tata cara atau aturan (atau protokol) komunikasi di antara
elemen-elemen terhubung yang berkomunikasi agar tidak kacau sehingga dapat mencapai
tujuan yang diharapkan. Terdapat banyak sistem bus, yang popular diantaranya
ISA, VESA, dan PCI.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi antar komponen
disebut bus, yang terdiri dari:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
alamat (<i>Address bus</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
data (<i>data bus)</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus
kendali (<i>Control bus</i>)<span class="apple-style-span"><b> </b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Alamat<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> alamat berisi
16, 20,24 jalur sinyal parallel atau lebih. CPU mengirim alamat lokasi memori
atau port yang ingin ditulis atau dibawa di <i>bus</i> ini. Jumlah lokasi
memori yang dapat dialamati ditentukan jumlah jalur alamat. Jika CPU mempunyai
N jalur alamat maka dapat mengalamati 2 pangkat N (2<sup>N</sup>) lokasi memori
dan/atau <i>port</i> secara langsung. </span><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saat CPU membaca atau menulis data mengenai <i>port</i>, alamat port
dikirim di <i>bus</i> alamat.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p> </o:p></span></h1>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Data<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> data berisi
8,16, 32 jalur sinyal parallel atau lebih. Jalur data adalah dua arah (<i>bidirectional</i>).
CPU dapat membaca dan mengirim data dari/ke memori atau <i>port</i>. Banyak
perangkat pada system yang dicantolkan ke <i>bus</i> data tapi hanya satu
perangkat pada satu saat yang dapat memakainya. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk mengatur ini, perangkat harus mempunyai tiga state
(<i>tristate</i>) agar dapat dipasang pada bus data.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<h1 style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bus Kendali<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus kendali berisi 4-10 jalur sinyal
parallel. CPU mengirim sinyal-sinyal pada bus kendali untuk memerintahkan
memori atau <i>port.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sinyal
bus kendali antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Memory
read</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan memori<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Memory
write</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan penulisan memori<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I/O
read</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan pembacaan <i>port I/O</i> <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I/O
write</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memerintahkan melakukan penulisan memori<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dan
sebagainya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Analisa
: Pada dasarnya interkoneksi antar komponen merupakan struktur dan mekanisme untuk
menghubungkan ketiga komponen yang terdiri dari pemroses, memori utama, dan
perangkat masukan/keluaran. Secara fisik interkoneksi antar komponen berupa
perkawatan baik berupa perkawatan logam atau cara koneksi fisik lainnya. Tetapi
komponen interkoneksi sesungguhnya tidak hanya perkawatan tapi juga tata cara
atau aturan atau juga protokol komunikasi di antara elemen-elemen terhubung
yang berkomunikasi agar tidak kacau sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan yang
diharapkan. </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Interkoneksi antar
komponen disebut bus, yang terdiri dari : </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bus alamat (<i>Address
bus</i>), Bus data (<i>data bus)</i> dan Bus kendali (<i>Control bus</i>)<span class="apple-style-span"><b>.</b></span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber:
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://ichigo-pengetahuan.blogspot.com/p/komponen-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ichigo-pengetahuan.blogspot.com/p/komponen-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-50033622716045902852013-05-05T16:27:00.002-07:002013-06-29T10:39:45.604-07:00Perbedaan Data dan Informasi<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Data:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Data adalah informasi yang disimpan
yang dapat sewaktu-waktu di gunakan oleh penggunannya. Data merupakan raw
material untuk suatu informasi. Perbedaan informasi dan data sangat relatif tergantung
pada nilai gunanya bagi manajemen yang memerlukan. Suatu informasi bagi level
manajemen tertentu bisa menjadi data bagi manajemen level di atasnya, atau
sebaliknya. Wikipedia mengatakan bahwa Data adalah catatan atas kumpulan fakta.
Data merupakan bentuk jamak dari datum, berasal dari bahasa Latin yang berarti
“sesuatu yang diberikan”. Dalam penggunaan sehari-hari data berarti suatu
pernyataan yang diterima secara apa adanya. Pernyataan ini adalah hasil
pengukuran atau pengamatan suatu variabel yang bentuknya dapat berupa angka,
kata-kata, atau citra.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
keilmuan (ilmiah), fakta dikumpulkan untuk menjadi data. Data kemudian diolah
sehingga dapat diutarakan secara jelas dan tepat sehingga dapat dimengerti oleh
orang lain yang tidak langsung mengalaminya sendiri, hal ini dinamakan
deskripsi. Pemilahan banyak data sesuai dengan persamaan atau perbedaan yang
dikandungnya dinamakan klasifikasi. Klasifikasi, Jenis dan Macam Data –
Pembagian Data Dalam Ilmu Eksak Sains Statistik / Statistika.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis
Data Menurut Cara Memperolehnya:</span></b></span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Primer Data primer adalah
secara langsung diambil dari objek / obyek penelitian oleh peneliti perorangan
maupun organisasi. Contoh : Mewawancarai langsung penonton bioskop 21
untuk meneliti preferensi konsumen bioskop.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Sekunder Data sekunder adalah
data yang didapat tidak secara langsung dari objek penelitian. Peneliti
mendapatkan data yang sudah jadi yang dikumpulkan oleh pihak lain dengan
berbagai cara atau metode baik secara komersial maupun non komersial. Contohnya
adalah pada peneliti yang menggunakan data statistik hasil riset dari surat
kabar atau majalah.</span></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Macam-Macam
Data Berdasarkan Sumber Data:</span></b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Internal Data internal
adalah data yang menggambarkan situasi dan kondisi pada suatu organisasi
secara internal. Misal : data keuangan, data pegawai, data produksi,
dsb.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Eksternal Data eksternal
adalah data yang menggambarkan situasi serta kondisi yang ada di luar
organisasi. Contohnya adalah data jumlah penggunaan suatu produk pada
konsumen, tingkat preferensi pelanggan, persebaran penduduk, dan lain
sebagainya.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Klasifikasi
Dara Berdasarkan Jenis Datanya:</span></b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Kuantitatif Data
kuantitatif adalah data yang dipaparkan dalam bentuk angka-angka. Misalnya
adalah jumlah pembeli saat hari raya idul adha, tinggi badan siswa kelas 3
ips 2, dan lain-lain.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Kualitatif Data kualitatif
adalah data yang disajikan dalam bentuk kata-kata yang mengandung makna.
Contohnya seperti persepsi konsumen terhadap botol air minum dalam
kemasan, anggapan para ahli terhadap psikopat dan lain-lain.</span></span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pembagian
Jenis Data Berdasarkan Sifat Data:</span></b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Diskrit Data diskrit
adalah data yang nilainya adalah bilangan asli. Contohnya adalah berat
badan ibu-ibu pkk sumber ayu, nilai rupiah dari waktu ke waktu, dan
lain-sebagainya.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Kontinyu Data kontinyu
adalah data yang nilainya ada pada suatu interval tertentu atau berada
pada nilai yang satu ke nilai yang lainnya. Contohnya penggunaan kata
sekitar, kurang lebih, kira-kira, dan sebagainya. Dinas pertanian daerah
mengimpor bahan baku pabrik pupuk kurang lebih 850 ton.</span></span></li>
</ol>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis-jenis
Data Menurut Waktu Pengumpulannya:</span></b></span></div>
<ol start="1" style="text-align: justify;" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Cross Section Data
cross-section adalah data yang menunjukkan titik waktu tertentu. Contohnya
laporan keuangan per 31 desember 2006, data pelanggan PT. angin ribut
bulan mei 2004, dan lain sebagainya.</span></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Data Time Series / Berkala Data
berkala adalah data yang datanya menggambarkan sesuatu dari waktu ke waktu
atau periode secara historis. Contoh data time series adalah data perkembangan
nilai tukar dollar amerika terhadap euro eropa dari tahun 2004 sampai
2006, jumlah pengikut jamaah nurdin m. top dan doktor azahari dari bulan
ke bulan, dll. Fakta (bahasa Latin: factus) ialah segala sesuatu yang
tertangkap oleh indra manusia.</span></span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Catatan
atas pengumpulan fakta disebut data. Fakta seringkali diyakini oleh orang
banyak (umum) sebagai hal yang sebenarnya, baik karena mereka telah mengalami
kenyataan-kenyataan dari dekat maupun karena mereka dianggap telah melaporkan
pengalaman orang lain yang sesungguhnya. Dalam istilah keilmuan fakta
adalah suatu hasil observasi yang obyektif dan dapat dilakukan verifikasi oleh
siapapun.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian
Informasi:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Informasi adalah sesuatu data yang
dikumpulkan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Wikipedia menjelaskan bahwa
Informasi adalah pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran, pengalaman,
atau instruksi. Namun demikian, istilah ini memiliki banyak arti bergantung
pada konteksnya, dan secara umum berhubungan erat dengan konsep seperti arti,
pengetahuan, negentropy, komunikasi, kebenaran, representasi, dan rangsangan
mental.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Dalam
beberapa hal pengetahuan tentang peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu atau situasi yang
telah dikumpulkan atau diterima melalui proses komunikasi, pengumpulan
intelejen, ataupun didapatkan dari berita juga dinamakan informasi. Informasi
yang berupa koleksi data dan fakta seringkali dinamakan informasi statistik.
Dalam bidang ilmu komputer, informasi adalah data yang disimpan, diproses, atau
ditransmisikan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada definisi informasi sebagai
pengetahuan yang didapatkan dari pembelajaran, pengalaman, atau instruksi dan
alirannya.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">sumber
: <a href="http://perbedaan.com/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi/"><span style="color: blue;">http://perbedaan.com/perbedaan-data-dan-informasi/</span></a></span></span></div>
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Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-78180623122411089902013-05-05T14:29:00.001-07:002013-06-29T07:02:03.878-07:00Bagaimana etika instruksi pemrosessan pada eksekusi <link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi pada eksekusi pemrossesan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Berdasarkan konsep program tersimpan, program yang dieksekusi (kumpulan
instruksi) di memori. Pemroses melakukan tugasnya dengan mengeksekusi instruksi
di program.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Tahap pemrosesan instruksi ini berisi dua tahap, yaitu:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a .<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses membaca instruksi dari
memori (<i>fetch</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">b .<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="FI" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mengeksekusi instruksi dari memori (<i>execute</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode Eksekusi instruksi</span></b><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mempunyai beragam mode eksekusi, biasanya dikalikan dengan
kewenangan yaitu: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p> </span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program bagian dari sistem operasi<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program pemakai<o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi tertentu hanya dapat dieksekusi di mode berkewenangan
tinggi. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi yang memerlukan
kewenangan tinggi, misalnya:<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><br />
<ul>
<li><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Membaca atau memodifikasi <i>register
</i>kendali (<i>bit-bit register</i> PSW)<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi primitif
perangkat masukan/keluaran</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Instruksi-instruksi untuk manajemen
memori<o:p></o:p></span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></li>
<li><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bagian memori tertentu hanya dapat diakses dalam mode
kewenangan tinggi </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode Pemakai
dan Mode Sistem</span></b><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode dengan kewenangan rendah disebut mode pemakai (<i>user
mode</i>) karena program pemakai (aplikasi) biasa dieksekusi dalam mode ini.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode dengan kewenangan tinggi disebut:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;">o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode system (<i>system mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;">o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode kendali (<i>Control mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;">o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode supervisor (<i>Supervisor mode</i>),
atau<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Courier New"; font-size: 12pt;">o<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mode kernel (<i>kernel mode</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Biasanya rutin sistem atau kendali atau kernel dieksekusi dengan mode ini.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alasan adanya dua mode adalah untuk menjaga keamanan.
Tabel sistem operasi, seperti tabel proses (PCB) harus dicegah dari intervensi
program pemakai. Modifikasi table proses hanya dapat dilakukan di mode system .
Program pemakai bermode pemakai takkan mampu mengubah table proses sehingga
tidak merusak system.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pada mode
kernel, perangkat lunak mempunyai kendali penuh terhadap pemroses, instruksi, <i>register</i>
dan memori. Tingkat kendali ini tidak tersedia bagi program pemakai sehingga sistem
operasi tidak dapat diintervensi program pemakai. Pencegahan ini menghindari
kekacauan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Pemroses mengetahui mode eksekusi dari <i>bit</i> di PSW.
Terdapat <i>bit</i> di PSW yang menyatakan mode eksekusi.</span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bila program pemakai meminta layanan system operasi dengan mengambil <i>system
call</i>, pemanggilan <i>system call</i> menyababkan <i>trap</i>. Sistem
mengubah mode eksekusi menjadi mode <i>kernel</i>. Di mode <i>kernel</i>,
system operasi memenuhi yang diminta program pemakai. Begitu selesai, sistem
operasi segera mengubah mode menjadi mode pemakai dan mengembalikan kendali
program pemakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Dengan dua mode dan teknik penjebakan (trap) diperoleh manfaat:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mencegah program pemakai mengacau
table-tabel sistem operasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="SV" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Mencegah program pemakai mengacau mekanisme pengendalian
sistem operasi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sumber : </span><a href="http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://seorangteknikinformatika.blogspot.com/2010/12/sistem-komputer.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-6930139409934770832013-05-05T14:25:00.000-07:002013-06-29T07:00:11.330-07:00Jelaskan pemrossesan eksekusi instruksi<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Proses jalannya program berdasarkan eksekusi instruksi : </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Saat
instruksi dimasukkan ke processing-devices, pertama sekali diletakkan di MAA
(melalui Input-storage), apabila berbentuk instruksi ditampung oleh <i>Control
Unit</i> di Program-<i>storage</i>, namun apabila berbentuk data
ditampung di <i>Working-storage</i>.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Jika
register siap untuk menerima pengerjaan eksekusi, maka Control Unit akan
mengambil instruksi dari Program-storage untuk ditampungkan ke Instruction
Register, sedangkan alamat memori yang berisikan instruksi tersebut ditampung
di Program Counter. Sedangkan data diambil oleh Control Unit dari
Working-storage untuk ditampung di <i>General-purpose register</i> (dalam
hal ini di <i>Operand-register</i>).</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Jika
instruksi pengerjaan yang dilakukan adalah arithmatika dan logika, maka ALU
akan mengambil alih operasi untuk mengerjakan berdasar instruksi yang
ditetapkan. Hasilnya ditampung di Akumulator. Apabila hasil pengolahan telah
selesai, maka <i>Control Uni</i>t akan mengambil hasil pengolahan di
Accumulator untuk ditampung kembali ke <i>Working-storage</i>. Jika
pengerjaan keseluruhan telah selesai, maka <i>Control Unit</i> akan
menjemput hasil pengolahan dari <i>Working-storage</i> untuk
ditampung ke <i>Output-storage</i>. Lalu selanjutnya dari <i>Output-storage</i>,
hasil pengolahan akan ditampilkan ke<i>output-devices</i>.</span></li>
</ul>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Sumber:
</span><a href="http://sadchalis15.wordpress.com/tag/proses-eksekusi-instruksi/"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://sadchalis15.wordpress.com/tag/proses-eksekusi-instruksi/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-44760236700568790642013-04-15T19:09:00.001-07:002013-06-29T10:33:20.607-07:00Jelaskan perbedaan "around the computer" dan "through the computer" berikan contoh prosedur dan lembar kerja IT audit tsb!<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Auditing-around
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Audit
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menggunakan kemampuan dari peralatan itu sendiri. Audit terjadi sebelum
dilakukan pemeriksaan secara langsung terhadap data ataupun program yang ada
didalam program itu sendiri. Pendekatan ini memfokuskan pada input dan output,
sehingga tidak perlu memperhatikan pemrosesan komputer.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Auditing-through
the computer</span></b><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Audit
terhadap suatu penyelenggaraan sistem informasi berbasis komputer dengan
menggunakan fasilitas komputer yang sama dengan yang digunakan dalam pemrosesan
data. pendekatan audit ini berorientasi computer yang secara langsung berfokus
pada operasi pemrosesan dalam system computer dengan asumsi bila terdapat
pengendalian yang memadai dalam pemrosesan, maka kesalahan dan penyalah gunaan
dapat dideteksi. Pendekatan ini dapat menggunakan perangkat lunak dalam bentuk
specialized audit software (SAS) dan generalized audit software (GAS).<b> </b>Pendekatan Audit ini digunakan bila
pendekatan Auditing Around the Computer tidak cocok atau tidak mencukupi.
Pendekatan ini dapat diterapkan bersama-sama dengan pendekatan Auditing Around
the Computer untuk memberikan kepastian yang lebih besar.</span><br />
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Perencanaan. Sebagai suatu pendahuluan mutlak perlu dilakukan agar auditor
mengenal benar obyek yang akan diperiksa sehingga menghasilkan suatu program
audit yang didesain sedemikian rupa agar pelaksanaannya akan berjalan efektif
dan efisien.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengidentifikasikan
resiko dan kendali. Tahap ini untuk memastikan bahwa qualified resource sudah
dimiliki, dalam hal ini aspek SDM yang berpengalaman dan juga referensi praktik-praktik
terbaik.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengevaluasi
kendali dan mengumpulkan bukti-bukti melalui berbagai teknik termasuk survei,
interview, observasi, dan review dokumentasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mendokumentasikan
dan mengumpulkan temuan-temuan dan mengidentifikasikan dengan audit.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menyusun
laporan. Hal ini mencakup tujuan pemeriksaan, sifat, dan kedalaman pemeriksaan
yang dilakukan. </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></li>
</ol>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Lembar Kerja IT AUDIT</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> S</span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">takeholders
: Internal IT Deparment, External IT Consultant, Board of Commision,
Management, Internal IT Auditor, External IT Auditor</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kualifikasi
Auditor : Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA),Certified Internal
Auditor (CIA), Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP),
dll.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Output
Internal IT : Solusi teknologi meningkat, menyeluruh & mendalam,
Fokus kepada global, menuju ke standard-standard yang diakui.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Output
External IT: Rekrutmen staff, teknologi baru dan kompleksitasnya,
Outsourcing yang tepat, Benchmark / Best-Practices.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Output Internal Audit
& Business: Menjamin keseluruhan audit, Budget & Alokasi sumber daya. </span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-22834628687840617082013-04-15T18:46:00.003-07:002013-06-29T10:34:29.838-07:00Jelaskan IT audit trail, real time audit, IT forensics<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Audit Trail</span></b><br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Audit
trail sebagai “yang menunjukkan catatan yang telah mengakses sistem operasi
komputer dan apa yang dia telah dilakukan selama periode waktu tertentu”. Dalam
telekomunikasi, istilah ini berarti catatan baik akses selesai dan berusaha dan
jasa, atau data membentuk suatu alur yang logis menghubungkan urutan peristiwa,
yang digunakan untuk melacak transaksi yang telah
mempengaruhi isi record. Dalam informasi
atau keamanan komunikasi, audit informasi berarti
catatan kronologis kegiatan sistem untuk memungkinkan rekonstruksi dan
pemeriksaan dari urutan peristiwa dan / atau perubahan dalam suatu acara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
penelitian keperawatan, itu mengacu pada tindakan mempertahankan log berjalan
atau jurnal dari keputusan yang berkaitan dengan sebuah proyek penelitian,
sehingga membuat jelas langkah-langkah yang diambil dan perubahan yang dibuat
pada protokol asli. Dalam akuntansi, mengacu pada
dokumentasi transaksi rinci mendukung entri
ringkasan buku. Dokumentasi ini mungkin pada catatan kertas atau
elektronik. Proses yang menciptakan jejak audit harus selalu berjalan dalam
mode istimewa, sehingga dapat mengakses dan mengawasi semua tindakan dari semua
pengguna, dan user normal tidak bisa berhenti / mengubahnya. Selanjutnya,
untuk alasan yang sama, berkas jejak atau tabel database dengan jejak
tidak boleh diakses oleh pengguna normal. Dalam apa yang berhubungan dengan
audit trail, itu juga sangat penting untuk mempertimbangkan isu- isu tanggung
jawab dari jejak audit Anda, sebanyak dalam kasus sengketa, jejak audit ini dapat
dijadikan sebagai bukti atas kejadian beberapa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perangkat
lunak ini dapat beroperasi dengan kontrol tertutup dilingkarkan, atau sebagai
sebuah ‘sistem tertutup, ”seperti yang disyaratkan oleh
banyak perusahaan ketika menggunakan sistem Audit
Trail.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Real Time Audit</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dari
beberapa sumber yang didapat yang dimaksud dengan Real Time Audit (RTA) adalah
suatu sistem untuk mengawasi teknis dan keuangan sehingga dapat memberikan
penilaian yang transparan status saat ini dari semua kegiatan dengan mengkombinasikan
prosedur sederhana atau logis untuk merencanakan dan melakukan dana kegiatan,
siklus proyek pendekatan untuk memantau kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung, dan
penilaian termasuk cara mencegah pengeluaran yang tidak sesuai. Audit IT lebih
dikenal dengan istilah EDP Auditing (Electronic Data Processing) yang digunakan
untuk menguraikan dua jenis aktifitas yang berkaitan dengan komputer. Salah
satu penggunaan istilah tersebut adalah untuk menjelaskan proses penelahan dan
evaluasi pengendalian-pengendalian internal dalam EDP. Pada audit IT sendiri
berhubungan dengan berbagai macam-macam ilmu, antara lain Traditional Audit,
Manajemen Sistem Informasi, Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, Ilmu Komputer, dan
Behavioral Science. Tujuan dari audit IT adalah untuk meninjau dan mengevaluasi
faktor-faktor ketersediaan (availability), kerahasiaan (confidentiality), dan
keutuhan (integrity) dari sistem informasi organisasi yang bersifat online atau
real time. Pada Real Time Audit (RTA) dapat juga menyediakan teknik ideal untuk
memungkinkan mereka yang bertanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan kinerja karena
sistem ini tidak mengganggu atau investor dapat memperoleh informasi yang
mereka butuhkan tanpa menuntut waktu manajer.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">IT forensics</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">IT Forensik adalah cabang dari ilmu
komputer tetapi menjurus ke bagian forensik yaitu berkaitan dengan bukti hukum
yang ditemukan di komputer dan media penyimpanan digital. Komputer forensik
juga dikenal sebagai Digital Forensik yang terdiri dari aplikasi dari ilmu
pengetahuan kepada indetifikasi, koleksi, analisa, dan pengujian dari bukti
digital.<br />
IT Forensik adalah penggunaan sekumpulan prosedur untuk melakukan pengujian
secara menyeluruh suatu sistem komputer dengan mempergunakan software dan tool
untuk memelihara barang bukti tindakan kriminal. IT forensik dapat menjelaskan
keadaan artefak digital terkini. Artefak Digital dapat mencakup sistem
komputer, media penyimpanan (seperti hard disk atau CD-ROM, dokumen elektronik
(misalnya pesan email atau gambar JPEG) atau bahkan paket-paket yang secara
berurutan bergerak melalui jaringan. Bidang IT Forensik juga memiliki
cabang-cabang di dalamnya seperti firewall forensik, forensik jaringan ,
database forensik, dan forensik perangkat mobile.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan IT Forensik</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mendapatkan
fakta-fakta obyektif dari sebuah insiden / pelanggaran keamanan sistem
informasi. Fakta-fakta tersebut setelah diverifikasi akan menjadi bukti-bukti
(evidence) yang akan digunakan dalam proses hukum.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mengamankan
dan menganalisa bukti digital. Dari data yang diperoleh melalui survey oleh FBI
dan The Computer Security Institute, pada tahun 1999 mengatakan bahwa 51%
responden mengakui bahwa mereka telah menderita kerugian terutama dalam bidang
finansial akibat kejahatan komputer. Kejahatan Komputer dibagi menjadi dua,
yaitu :</span><ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Komputer
fraud : kejahatan atau pelanggaran dari segi sistem organisasi komputer.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Komputer
crime: kegiatan berbahaya dimana menggunakan media komputer dalam melakukan
pelanggaran hukum</span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Alasan Penggunaan IT Forensik</span></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam
kasus hukum, teknik komputer forensik sering digunakan untuk menganalisis
sistem komputer milik terdakwa (dalam kasus pidana) atau milik penggugat (dalam
kasus perdata).</span></span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
memulihkan data jika terjadi kegagalan atau kesalahanhardware atau software.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
menganalisa sebuah sistem komputer setelah terjadi perampokan, misalnya untuk
menentukan bagaimana penyerang memperoleh akses dan apa yang penyerang itu
lakukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
mengumpulkan bukti untuk melawan seorang karyawan yang ingin diberhentikan oleh
organisasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk
mendapatkan informasi tentang bagaimana sistem komputer bekerja untuk tujuan
debugging, optimasi kinerja, ataureverse-engineering.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><a href="http://estiprast.blogspot.com/2012/04/artikel-etika-profesionalisme.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://estiprast.blogspot.com/2012/04/artikel-etika-profesionalisme.html</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://benx-imajination.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html">http://benx-imajination.blogspot.com/2011_05_01_archive.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<a href="http://estiprast.blogspot.com/2012/04/artikel-etika-profesionalisme.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span>Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-43743581371286846072013-04-15T18:45:00.004-07:002013-06-29T10:38:02.464-07:00Jenis2 ancaman (threats) melalui IT dan kasus2 computer crime/cybercrime<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jenis-jenis ancaman (thread) dalam
TI :</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">National Security
Agency (NSA) dalam dokuman Information Assurance Technical Framework (IATF)
menggolongkan lima jenis ancaman pada sistem teknologi informasi.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kelima
ancaman itu adalah :</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">1. SeranganPasif</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Termasuk di dalamnya analisa trafik,
memonitor komunikasi terbuka, memecah kode trafik yang dienkripsi, menangkan
informasi untuk proses otentifikasi (misalnya password).<br />
Bagi hacker, menangkap secara pasif data-data di jaringan ini bertujuan mencari
celah sebelum menyerang. Serangan pasif bisa memaparkan informasi atau data
tanpa sepengetahuan pemiliknya. Contoh serangan pasif ini adalah terpaparnya
informasi kartu kredit. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Serangan Aktif</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tipe serangan ini berupaya membongkar
sistem pengamanan, misalnya dengan memasukan kode-kode berbahaya (malicious
code), mencuri atau memodifikasi informasi. Sasaran serangan aktif ini termasuk
penyusupan ke jaringan backbone, eksploitasi informasi di tempat transit,
penetrasi elektronik, dan menghadang ketika pengguna akan melakukan koneksi
jarak jauh. Serangan aktif ini selain mengakibatkan terpaparnya data, juga
denial-of-service, atau modifikasi data. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p>3. Serangan jarak dekat</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam jenis serangan ini, hacker secara
fisik berada dekat dari peranti jaringan, sistem atau fasilitas infrastruktur.
Serangan ini bertujuan memodifikasi, mengumpulkan atau memblok akses pada
informasi. Tipe serangan jarak dekat ini biasanya dilakukan dengan masuk ke
lokasi secara tidak sah.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Orang dalam</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Serangan oleh orang di dalam organisasi
ini dibagi menjadi sengaja dan tidak sengaja. Jika dilakukan dengan sengaja,
tujuannya untuk mencuri, merusak informasi, menggunakan informasi untuk
kejahatan atau memblok akses kepada informasi. Serangan orang dalam yang tidak
disengaja lebih disebabkan karena kecerobohan pengguna, tidak ada maksud jahat
dalam tipe serangan ini. </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">5. Serangan distribusi</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan serangan ini adalah memodifikasi
peranti keras atau peranti lunak pada saat produksi di pabrik sehingga bisa
disalahgunakan di kemudian hari. Dalam serangan ini, hacker sejumlah kode
disusupkan ke produk sehingga membuka celah keamanan yang bisa dimanfaatkan
untuk tujuan ilegal.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kasus-kasus yang telah terjadi di
Indonesia akibat cyber crime, diantaranya :<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penipuan
Lelang On-line</span></i></b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cirinya
harga sangat rendah (hingga sering sulit dipercayai) untuk produk – produk yang
diminati, penjual tidak menyediakan nomor telepon, tidak ada respon terhadap
pertanyaan melalui email, menjanjikan produk yang sedang tidak tersedia.</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Resiko
Terburuk adalah pemenang lelang mengirimkan cek atau uang, dan tidak memperoleh
produk atau berbeda dengan produk yang diiklankan dan diinginkan.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teknik
Pengamanan yang disarankan adalah menggunakan agen penampungan pembayaran
(escrow accounts services) seperti </span><a href="http://www.escrow.com/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.escrow.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
dengan biaya sekitar 5% dari harga produk. Agen ini akan menyimpan uang Pembeli
terlebih dahulu dan mengirimkannya ke penjual hanya setelah ada konfirmasi dari
Pembeli bahwa barang telah diterima dalam kondisi yang memuaskan.</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penipuan
Saham On-line</span></i></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cirinya tiba – tiba Saham Perusahaan meroket tanpa info pendukung yang cukup. </span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Resiko Terburuk adalah tidak ada nilai riil yang mendekati harga saham tersebut, kehilangan seluruh jumlah investasi dengan sedikit atau tanpa kesempatan untuk menutup kerugian yang terjadi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teknik Pengamanan antara lain<a href="http://www.stockdetective.com/"> http://www.stockdetective.com</a> punya daftar negatif saham – saham.</span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<br />
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penipuan
Kartu Kredit (kini sudah menular di Indonesia)</span></i></b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berciri, terjadinya biaya misterius pada tagihan kartu kredit untuk produk atau layanan Internet yang tidak pernah dipesan oleh kita.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Resiko Terburuk adalah korban bisa perlu waktu yang lama untuk melunasinya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Teknik Pengamanan yang disarankan antara lain gunakan mata uang Beenz untuk transaksi online, atau jasa Escrow, atau jasa Transfer Antar Bank, atau jasa Kirim Uang Western Union, atau pilih hanya situs – situs terkemuka saja yang telah menggunakan Payment Security seperti VeriSign.</span><b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></b></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Untuk menindak lanjuti CyberCrime tentu
saja diperlukan CyberLaw (Undang – undang khusus dunia Cyber/Internet). Selama
ini landasan hukum CyberCrime yang di Indonesia menggunakan KUHP (pasal 362)
dan ancaman hukumannya dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan ringan, padahal dampak
yang ditimbulkan bisa berakibat sangat fatal. Indonesia dibandingkan dengan
USA, Singapura, bahkan Malaysia memang cukup ketinggalan dalam masalah CyberLaw
ini. Contohnya Singapura telah memiliki The Electronic Act 1998 (UU tentang
transaksi secara elektronik), serta Electronic Communication Privacy Act
(ECPA), kemudian AS mempunyai Communication Assistance For Law Enforcement Act
dan Telecommunication Service 1996.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://ridwan-simbada.blogspot.com/2012/03/ciri-ciri-seorang-profesional-di-bidang.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ridwan-simbada.blogspot.com/2012/03/ciri-ciri-seorang-profesional-di-bidang.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://ardisetiawan.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/kasus-kasus-computer-crime-cyber-crime/"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ardisetiawan.wordpress.com/2011/02/27/kasus-kasus-computer-crime-cyber-crime/</span></a></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-62841335789975094272013-04-15T18:44:00.001-07:002013-06-29T09:45:06.334-07:00Pengertian profesionalisme dan ciri2nya, kode etik profesional, ciri2 seorang profesional di bidang IT<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Profesionalisme</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nilai-nilai
profesional harus menjadi bagian dan telah menjiwai seseorang yang sedang
mengemban sebuah profesi.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ciri-Ciri Profesionalisme :</span></b><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Punya ketrampilan yang tinggi dalam suatu bidang serta kemahiran dalam menggunakan peralatan tertentu yang diperlukan dalam pelaksanaan tugas yang bersangkutan dengan bidang tadi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Punya ilmu dan pengalaman serta kecerdasan dalam menganalisis suatu masalah dan peka di dalam membaca situasi cepat dan tepat serta cermat dalam mengambil keputusan terbaik atas dasar kepekaan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Punya sikap berorientasi ke depan sehingga punya kemampuan mengantisipasi perkembangan lingkungan yang terbentang di hadapannya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Punya sikap mandiri berdasarkan keyakinan akan kemampuan pribadi serta terbuka menyimak dan menghargai pendapat orang lain, namun cermat dalam memilih yang terbaik bagi diri dan perkembangan pribadinya.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kode Etik Profesional :</span></b><br />
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kode
etik merupakan suatu ketetapan yang harus diikuti sebagai petunjuk bagi
karyawan perusahaan atau anggota profesi. Setujunya, setiap bidang profesi
memiliki aturan-aturan/hukum-hukum yang mengatur bagaimana seorang profesional
berfikir dan bertindak. Seseorang yang melanggar Kode Etik dikenakan sanksi.
Sanksi yang dikenakan adalah mulai dari yang paling ringan, yaitu cuma
mendapatkan sebutan “tidak profesional” sampai pada pencabutan ijin praktek,
bahkan hukuman pidana pun bisa terjadi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sebagai
salah satu bidang profesi, Information Technology (IT) bukan pengecualian,
diperlukan aturan-aturan tersebut yang mengatur bagaimana para IT profesional
ini melakukan kegiatannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ada lima aktor yang perlu
diperhatikan:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Publik<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Client<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perusahaan<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Rekan
Kerja<o:p></o:p></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Diri Sendiri<o:p></o:p></span></li>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kode Etik juga mengatur hubungan
kita dengan rekan kerja. Bahwa kita harus selalu adil, jujur dengan rekan kerja
kita. Tidak boleh kita sengaja mencebloskan rekan kerja kita dengan memberi
data atau informasi yang salah/keliru. Persaingan yang tidak sehat ini akan
merusak profesi secara umum apabila dibiarkan berkembang.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ciri-ciri seorang profesional di
bidang IT :</span></b><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi di bidang TI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mempunyai ketrampilan yang tinggi di bidang TI</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas tentang manusia dan masyarakat, budaya, seni, sejarah dan komunikasi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cepat tanggap terhadap masalah client, paham terhadap isyu-isyu etis serta tata nilai kilen-nya</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mampu melakukan pendekatan multidispliner</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mampu bekerja sama</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Bekerja dibawah disiplin etika</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Mampu mengambil keputusan didasarkan kepada kode etik, bila dihadapkan pada situasi dimana pengambilan keputusan berakibat luas terhadap masyarakat </span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://ariefbudimangunadarma.blogspot.com/2012/11/etika-dan-profesi-dalam-bidang-it.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ariefbudimangunadarma.blogspot.com/2012/11/etika-dan-profesi-dalam-bidang-it.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<a href="http://ridwan-simbada.blogspot.com/2012/03/ciri-ciri-seorang-profesional-di-bidang.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://ridwan-simbada.blogspot.com/2012/03/ciri-ciri-seorang-profesional-di-bidang.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-72750430362778684932013-04-15T18:42:00.001-07:002013-06-29T09:45:27.622-07:00Pengertian etika, profesi, ciri khas profesi di bidang IT<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Etika</span></b><br />
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Etika berasal dari bahasa yunani yaitu ethos yang berarti
karakter, watak kesusilaan atau adat kebiasaan di mana etika berhubungan erat
dengan konsep individu atau kelompok sebagai alat penilai kebenaran atau
evaluasi terhadap sesuatu yang telah dilakukan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Jadi, <b>Pengertian Etika</b> adalah Ilmu yang
membahas perbuatan baik dan perbuatan buruk manusia sejauh yang dapat dipahami
oleh pikiran manusia.</span><br />
<br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengertian Profesi </span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Arti
profesi Terbagi menjadi 2 yaitu secara umum dan secara khusus, secara
umum yang sering di artikan adalah sebuah pekerjaan atau Job yang sering
kita lakukan sehari-hari. Sedangkan secara khusus adalah sebuah jabatan
seseorang walau profesi tersebut tidak bersifat komersial. Profesi merupakan
suatu pekerjaan yang dimilki seseorang, yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu,
yakni pengetahuan dan memiliki status dari pekerjaan tersebut. Profesional
merupakan Seseorang yang memperoleh penghasilan dengan melakukan suatu kegiatan
atau pekerjaan yang memerlukan ketarampilan/keahlian khusus serta memiliki
semangat pengabdian. (Seseorang yang melakukan karena hobi atau untuk
kesenangan biasa disebut sebagai seorang amatir).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ciri Khas Profesi </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">di
Bidang TI :</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Menurut
Artikel dalam International Encyclopedia of education, ada 10 ciri khas suatu
profesi, yaitu:</span> </span><br />
<br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suatu bidang pekerjaan yang terorganisir dari jenis intelektual yang terus berkembang dan diperluas.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suatu teknik intelektual.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penerapan praktis dari teknik intelektual pada urusan praktis.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Suatu periode panjang untuk pelatihan dan sertifikasi. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Beberapa standar dan pernyataan tentang etika yang dapat diselenggarakan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kemampuan untuk kepemimpinan pada profesi sendiri.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Asosiasi dari anggota profesi yang menjadi suatu kelompok yang erat dengan kualitas komunikasi. yang tinggi antar anggotanya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengakuan sebagai profesi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Perhatian yang profesional terhadap penggunaan yang bertanggung jawab dari pekerjaan profesi.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hubungan yang erat dengan profesi lain.</span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber : </span><a href="http://sumartiningsih01.blogspot.com/2012/03/bab-1-pengertian-etika.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://sumartiningsih01.blogspot.com/2012/03/bab-1-pengertian-etika.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-35455193542214120702013-03-30T19:47:00.001-07:002013-06-29T10:00:58.714-07:00Undang-undang No.19 tentang hak cipta ketentuan umum, ruang lingkup hak cipta, perlindungan hak cipta, pembatasan hak cipta dan prosedur pendaftaran HAKI<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 115%;">PENJELASAN
ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 19 TAHUN 2002 TENTANG HAK CIPTA</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Hak
Cipta terdiri atas hak ekonomi (economic rights) dan hak moral (moral rights).
Hak ekonomi adalah hak untuk mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi atas Ciptaan serta
produk Hak Terkait. Hak moral adalah hak yang melekat pada diri Pencipta atau
Pelaku yang tidak dapat dihilangkan atau dihapus tanpa alasan apa pun, walaupun
Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait telah dialihkan. Perlindungan Hak Cipta tidak
diberikan kepada ide atau gagasan karena karya cipta harus memiliki bentuk yang
khas, bersifat pribadi dan menunjukkan keaslian sebagai Ciptaan yang lahir
berdasarkan kemamp uan, kreativitas, atau keahlian sehingga Ciptaan itu dapat
dilihat, dibaca, atau didengar.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p>Undang-undang ini
memuat beberapa ketentuan baru, antara lain, mengenai: </span><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Database merupakan salah satu Ciptaan yang dilindungi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penggunaan alat apa pun baik melalui kabel maupun tanpa kabel, termasuk media internet, untuk pemutaran produk-produk cakram optik (optical disc) melalui media audio, media audiovisual dan/atau sarana telekomunikasi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penyelesaian sengketa oleh Pengadilan Niaga, arbitrase, atau alternatif penyelesaian sengketa</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Penetapan sementara pengadilan untuk mencegah kerugian lebih besar bagi pemegang hak</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Batas waktu proses perkara perdata di bidang Hak Cipta dan Hak Terkait, baik di Pengadilan Niaga maupun di Mahkamah Agung</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pencantuman hak informasi manajemen elektronik dan sarana kontrol teknologi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pencantuman mekanisme pengawasan dan perlindungan terhadap produk-produk yang menggunakan sarana produksi berteknologi tinggi</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ancaman pidana atas pelanggaran Hak Terkait</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ancaman pidana dan denda minimal</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ancaman pidana terhadap perbanyakan penggunaan Program Komputer untuk kepentingan komersial secara tidak sah dan melawan hukum.<br /></span></li>
</ol>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAFTARAN
CIPTAAN</span></b><br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 35</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Direktorat Jenderal menyelenggarakan pendaftaran Ciptaan dan dicatat dalam Daftar Umum Ciptaan.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Daftar Umum Ciptaan tersebut dapat dilihat oleh setiap orang tanpa dikenai biaya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Setiap orang dapat memperoleh untuk dirinya sendiri suatu petikan dari Daftar Umum Ciptaan tersebut dengan dikenai biaya. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ketentuan tentang pendaftaran sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak merupakan kewajiban untuk mendapatkan Hak Cipta.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 36</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendaftaran
Ciptaan dalam Daftar Umum Ciptaan tidak mengandung arti sebagai pengesahan atas
isi, arti, maksud, atau bentuk dari Ciptaan yang didaftar.</span> </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 37</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendaftaran Ciptaan dalam Daftar Umum Ciptaan dilakukan atas Permohonan yang diajukan oleh Pencipta atau oleh Pemegang Hak Cipta atau Kuasa.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Permohonan diajukan kepada Direktorat Jenderal dengan surat rangkap 2 (dua) yang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia dan disertai contoh Ciptaan atau penggantinya dengan dikenai biaya.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Terhadap Permohonan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1), Direktorat Jenderal akan memberikan keputusan paling lama 9 (sembilan) bulan terhitung sejak tanggal diterimanya Permohonan secara lengkap.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kuasa sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) adalah konsultan yang terdaftar pada Direktorat Jenderal.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Ketentuan mengenai syarat-syarat dan tata cara untuk dapat diangkat dan terdaftar sebagai konsultan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (4) diatur lebih lanjut dalam Peraturan Pemerintah.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 38</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam hal
Permohonan diajukan oleh lebih dari seorang atau suatu badan hukum yang secara
bersama-sama berhak atas suatu Ciptaan, Permohonan tersebut dilampiri salinan
resmi akta atau keterangan tertulis yang membuktikan hak tersebut.</span><br />
<br />
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 39</span></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam Daftar Umum Ciptaan dimuat, antara lain:</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nama Pencipta dan Pemegang Hak Cipta</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tanggal penerimaan surat Permohonan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tanggal lengkapnya persyaratan menurut Pasal 37 dan</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Nomor pendaftaran Ciptaan.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 40</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendaftaran Ciptaan dianggap telah
dilakukan pada saat diterimanya Permohonan oleh Direktorat Jenderal dengan
lengkap menurut Pasal 37, atau pada saat diterimanya Permohonan dengan lengkap
menurut Pasal 37 dan Pasal 38 jika Permohonan diajukan oleh lebih dari seorang
atau satu badan hukum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 38.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pendaftaran sebagaimana dimaksud pada
ayat (1) diumumkan dalam Berita Resmi Ciptaan oleh Direktorat Jenderal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></i></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 41</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pemindahan hak atas pendaftaran Ciptaan,
yang terdaftar menurut Pasal 39 yang terdaftar dalam satu nomor, hanya
diperkenankan jika seluruh Ciptaan yang terdaftar itu dipindahkan haknya kepada
penerima hak.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pemindahan hak tersebut dicatat dalam
Daftar Umum Ciptaan atas permohonan tertulis dari kedua belah pihak atau dari
penerima hak dengan dikenai biaya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pencatatan pemindahan hak tersebut
diumumkan dalam Berita Resmi Ciptaan oleh Direktorat Jenderal.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 42</span></i><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dalam hal Ciptaan
didaftar menurut Pasal 37 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) serta Pasal 39, pihak lain yang
menurut Pasal 2 berhak atas Hak Cipta dapat mengajukan gugatan pembatalan
melalui Pengadilan Niaga.</span> </span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 43</span></i><br />
<ol>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perubahan nama
dan/atau perubahan alamat orang atau badan hukum yang namanya tercatat dalam
Daftar Umum Ciptaan sebagai Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta, dicatat dalam
Daftar Umum Ciptaan atas permintaan tertulis Pencipta atau Pemegang Hak Cipta
yang mempunyai nama dan alamat itu dengan dikenai biaya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perubahan nama
dan/atau perubahan alamat tersebut diumumkan dalam Berita Resmi Ciptaan oleh
Direktorat Jenderal.</span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></i></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 44</span></i><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Kekuatan hukum dari
suatu pendaftaran Ciptaan hapus karena:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">a. penghapusan atas
permohonan orang atau badan hukum yang namanya tercatat sebagai Pencipta </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">atau
Pemegang Hak Cipta;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">b. lampau waktu
sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 29, Pasal 30, dan Pasal 31 dengan mengingat
Pasal 32.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">c. dinyatakan batal
oleh putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p>Sumber : <a href="http://wahyuprasetyo89.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/uu-no-19-dan-n0-36/">http://wahyuprasetyo89.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/uu-no-19-dan-n0-36/</a></o:p></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-24815348961779420162013-03-30T19:30:00.001-07:002013-06-29T10:03:19.760-07:00Keterbatasan Undang-undang telekomunikasi dalam mengatur penggunaan teknologi informasi<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterbatasan
Undang-Undang Telekomunikasi dalam Mengatur Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi </span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Didalam
UU No. 36 telekomunikasi berisikan sembilan bab yang mengatur hal-hal berikut
ini : </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Azas dan tujuan telekomunikasi, pembinaaan, penyelenggaraan
telekomunikasi, penyidikan, sanksi administrasi, ketentuan pidana, ketentuan
peralihan dan ketentuan penutup. Undang-Undang ini dibuat untuk menggantikan UU
No.3 Tahun 1989 tentang Telekomunikasi, karena diperlukan penataan dan
pengaturan kembali penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi nasional yang dimana semua
ketentuan itu telah di setujuin oleh DPRRI. UU ini dibuat karena ada beberapa
alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa pengaruh globalisasi dan perkembangan
teknologi telekomunikasi yang sangat cepat telah mengakibatkan perubahan yang
mendasar dalam penyelenggaraan dan cara pandang terhadap telekomunikasi.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dengan munculnya
undang-undang tersebut membuat banyak terjadinya perubahan dalam dunia telekomunikasi,
antara lain :</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Telekomunikasi merupakan salah satu
infrastruktur penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat
tidak hanya terbatas pada lingkup telekomunikasi itu saja, maleinkan sudah
berkembang pada TI.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi di
tuntut untuk mengikuti norma dan kebijaksanaan yang ada di Indonesia.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Apakah
ada keterbatasan yang dituangkan dalam UU no.36 Telekomunikasi tersebut dalam
hal mengatur penggunaan teknologi Informasi. Maka berdasarkan isi dari UU
tersebut tidak ada penjelasan mengenai batasan-batasan yang mengatur secara
spesifik dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi tersebut, artinya dalan UU
tersebut tidak ada peraturan yang secara resmi dapat membatasi penggunaan
teknologi komunikasi ini. Namun akan lain ceritanya jika kita mencoba mencari
batasan-batasan dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi berbasis sistem komputer
yang merupakan sistem elektronik yang dapat dilihat secara virtual, maka hal
tersebut diatur dalam UU No.11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi
Elektronik terutama BAB VII tentang Perbuatan yang Dilarang. Untuk itu kita
sebagai pengguna teknologi informasi dan komunikasi harus lebih bijak dan
berhati-hati lagi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi ini dengan memperhatikan
peraturan dan norma yang ada.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-87356383204238567972013-03-30T19:26:00.001-07:002013-06-29T10:07:04.636-07:00Undang-undang No.36 tentang telekomunikasi, azaz dan tujuan telekomunikasi, penyelenggaraan telekomunikasi, penyelidikan, sanksi dan ketentukan pindana<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: large;">UU No. 36 Tahun 1999
Tentang Telekomunikasi</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Asas
Telekomunikasi</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada
UU No. 36 Pasal 2 menjelaskan Azas Telekomunikasi, yang berbunyi: Telekomunikasi
diselenggarakan berdasarkan asas manfaat, adil dan merata, kepastian hukum,
keamanan, kemitraan, etika, dan kepercayaan pada diri sendiri. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan
Telekomunikasi</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan
dari komunikasi diatur dalam UU No. 36 pasal 3 yang berbunyi: Telekomunikasi diselenggarakan dengan tujuan untuk mendukung persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa,
meningkatkan kesejajteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat secara adil dan merata,
mendukung kehidupan ekonomi dan kegiatan pemerintah, serta meningkatkan
hubungan antarbangsa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterbatasan
UU telekomunikasi dalam mengatur pengguna teknologi informasi</span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> UU
ini dibuat karena ada beberapa alasan, salah satunya adalah bahwa pengaruh
globalisasi dan perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi yang sangat cepat telah
mengakibatkan perubahan yang mendasar dalam penyelenggaraan dan cara pandang
terhadap telekomunikasi. Dengan munculnya undang-undang tersebut membuat banyak
terjadinya perubahan dalam dunia telekomunikasi, antara lain :</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Telekomunikasi merupakan salah satu
infrastruktur penting dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat
tidak hanya terbatas pada lingkup telekomunikasi itu saja, maleinkan sudah
berkembang pada TI.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Perkembangan teknologi telekomunikasi di
tuntut untuk mengikuti norma dan kebijaksanaan yang ada di Indonesia.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Apakah
ada keterbatasan yang dituangkan dalam UU no.36 Telekomunikasi tersebut dalam
hal mengatur penggunaan teknologi Informasi. Maka berdasarkan isi dari UU
tersebut tidak ada penjelasan mengenai batasan-batasan yang mengatur secara
spesifik dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi tersebut, artinya dalan UU
tersebut tidak ada peraturan yang secara resmi dapat membatasi penggunaan
teknologi komunikasi ini. Namun akan lain ceritanya jika kita mencoba mencari
batasan-batasan dalam penggunaan teknologi informasi berbasis sistem komputer
yang merupakan sistem elektronik yang dapat dilihat secara virtual, maka hal
tersebut diatur dalam UU No.11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi
Elektronik terutama BAB VII tentang Perbuatan yang Dilarang. Untuk itu kita
sebagai pengguna teknologi informasi dan komunikasi harus lebih bijak dan
berhati-hati lagi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi ini dengan memperhatikan
peraturan dan norma yang ada.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-76443840539543404562013-03-30T19:16:00.001-07:002013-06-29T10:11:12.265-07:00Council of europe convention on cybrecrime di berbagai negara<div style="text-align: justify;">
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Council
Of Europe Convention</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Saat
ini berbagai upaya telah dipersiapkan untuk memerangi cybercrime. The
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) telah membuat
guidelines bagi para pembuat kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan computer-related
crime, di mana pada tahun 1986 OECD telah mempublikasikan laporannya yang
berjudul Computer-Related Crime: Analysis of Legal Policy. Laporan ini berisi
hasil survey terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan Negara-negara Anggota
beserta rekomendasi perubahannya dalam menanggulangi computer-related crime
tersebut, yang mana diakui bahwa sistem telekomunikasi juga memiliki peran
penting dalam kejahatan tersebut. Melengkapi laporan OECD, The Council of
Europe (CE) berinisiatif melakukan studi mengenai kejahatan tersebut. Studi ini
memberikan guidelines lanjutan bagi para pengambil kebijakan untuk menentukan
tindakan-tindakan apa yang seharusnya dilarang berdasarkan hukum pidana
Negara-negara Anggota, dengan tetap memperhatikan keseimbangan antara hak-hak
sipil warga negara dan kebutuhan untuk melakukan proteksi terhadap
computer-related crime tersebut</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pada
perkembangannya, CE membentuk Committee of Experts on Crime in Cyberspace of
the Committee on Crime Problems, yang pada tanggal 25 April 2000 telah
mempublikasikan Draft Convention on Cyber-crime sebagai hasil kerjanya (
http://www.cybercrimes.net), yang menurut Prof. Susan Brenner
(brenner@cybercrimes.net) dari University of Daytona School of Law, merupakan
perjanjian internasional pertama yang mengatur hukum pidana dan aspek
proseduralnya untuk berbagai tipe tindak pidana yang berkaitan erat dengan
penggunaan komputer, jaringan atau data, serta berbagai penyalahgunaan sejenis.
Dari berbagai upaya yang dilakukan tersebut, telah jelas bahwa cybercrime
membutuhkan global action dalam penanggulangannya mengingat kejahatan tersebut
seringkali bersifat transnasional. Beberapa langkah penting yang harus
dilakukan setiap negara dalam penanggulangan cybercrime adalah:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
<ul style="text-align: justify;">
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Melakukan modernisasi hukum pidana
nasional beserta hukum acaranya, yang diselaraskan dengan konvensi
internasional yang terkait dengan kejahatan tersebut.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meningkatkan sistem pengamanan jaringan
komputer nasional sesuai standar internasional.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meningkatkan pemahaman serta keahlian
aparatur penegak hukum mengenai upaya pencegahan, investigasi dan penuntutan
perkara-perkara yang berhubungan dengan cybercrime</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meningkatkan kesadaran warga negara
mengenai masalah cybercrime serta pentingnya mencegah kejahatan tersebut
terjadi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Meningkatkan kerjasama antar negara,
baik bilateral, regional maupun multilateral, dalam upaya penanganan
cybercrime, antara lain melalui perjanjian ekstradisi dan mutual assistance
treaties.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber : <a href="http://coretanchicha.blogspot.com/2012/03/perbandingan-cyber-law-computer-crime.html">http://coretanchicha.blogspot.com/2012/03/perbandingan-cyber-law-computer-crime.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-99822705655129112.post-88946586921902788272013-03-30T19:14:00.002-07:002013-06-29T10:16:34.440-07:00Perbedaan berbagai cyberlaw contoh perbandingan, computer crime action<link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CUsers%5CTika%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cyber
Law</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cyberlaw
adalah hukum yang digunakan di dunia cyber (dunia maya), yang umumnya
diasosiasikan dengan Internet. Cyberlaw dibutuhkan karena dasar atau fondasi
dari hukum di banyak negara adalah “ruang dan waktu”. Sementara itu, Internet
dan jaringan komputer mendobrak batas ruang dan waktu ini. Cyber Law adalah
aspek hukum yang artinya berasal dari Cyberspace Law.yang ruang lingkupnya
meliputi aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan orang perorangan atau subyek hukum
yang menggunakan dan memanfaatkan teknologi internet yang dimulai pada saat
mulai online dan memasuki dunia cyber atau maya. bisa diartikan cybercrime itu
merupakan kejahatan dalam dunia internet. Di Indonesia saat ini sudah ada dua
Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) yang berhubungan dengan dunia cyber, yaitu RUU
Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dan RUU Informasi Elektronik dan Transaksi
Elektronik. Beberapa orang menyebutnya Cybercrime kejahatan computer. The
Encyclopaedia Britannica komputer mendefinisikan kejahatan sebagai kejahatan
apapun yang dilakukan oleh sarana pengetahuan khusus atau ahli penggunaan
teknologi komputer.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cyberlaw
di Indonesia</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Undang-undang
informasi dan transaksi elektronik (UU ITE) atau yang disebut cyberlaw,
digunakan untuk mengatur berbagai perlindungan hukum atas kegiatan yang
memanfaatkan internet sebagai medianya,baik transaksi maupun pemanfaatan
informasinya. Pada UU ITE ini juga diatur berbagai macam hukuman bagi kejahatan
melalui internet. UU ITE mengakomodir kebutuhan para pelaku bisnis diinternet
dan masyarakat pada umumnya untuk mendapat kepastian hukum dengan diakuinya
bukti elektronik dan tanda tangan elektronik digital sebagai bukti yang sah
dipengadilan.UU ITE sendiri baru ada diIndonesia dan telah disahkan oleh DPR
pada tanggal 25 Maret 2008. UU ITE terdiri dari 13 Bab dan 54 Pasal yang
mengupas secara mendetail bagaimana aturan hidup di dunia maya dan transaksi
yang terjadi didalamnya.Perbuatan yang dilarang (cybercrime) dijelaskan pada
Bab VII (pasal 27-37), yaitu:</span></div>
<ul>
<li><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 27
: Asusila, Perjudian, Penghinaan, Pemerasan. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 28 :
Berita Bohong dan Menyesatkan, Berita Kebencian dan Permusuhan. </span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 29
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 30
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</ul>
</div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Pasal 31
: Penyadapan, Perubahan, Penghilangan Informasi.</span></li>
</ul>
<br /></li>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Computer
Crime Action</span></b><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Undang-Undang
yang memberikan untuk pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang berkaitan dengan
penyalahgunaan komputer. BE IT diberlakukan oleh Seri Paduka Baginda Yang
di-Pertuan Agong dengan nasihat dan persetujuan dari Dewan Negara dan Dewan Rakyat
di Parlemen dirakit,dan oleh otoritas yang sama. Cyber crime merupakan salah
satu bentuk fenomena baru dalam tindakan kejahatan, hal ini sebagai dampak
langsung dari perkembangan teknologi informasi. Cybercrime adalah istilah umum,
meliputi kegiatan yang dapat dihukum berdasarkan KUHP dan undang-undang lain,
menggunakan komputer dalam jaringan Internet yang merugikan dan menimbulkan
kerusakan pada jaringan komputer Internet, yaitu merusak properti, masuk tanpa
izin, pencurian hak milik intelektual, pornografi, pemalsuan data, pencurian,
pengelapan dana masyarakat. Komputer
sebagai diekstrak dari penjelasan pernyataan CCA 1997 :</span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk membuat suatu pelanggaran
hukum bagi setiap orang untuk menyebabkan komputer untuk melakukan apapun
fungsi dengan maksud untuk mendapatkan akses tidak sah ke komputer mana materi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk membuatnya menjadi
pelanggaran lebih lanjut jika ada orang yang melakukan pelanggaran sebagaimana
dimaksud dalam item (a) dengan maksud untuk melakukan penipuan, ketidakjujuran
atau menyebabkan cedera seperti yang didefinisikan dalam KUHP Kode.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk membuat suatu pelanggaran
bagi setiap orang untuk menyebabkan modifikasi yang tidak sah dari isi dari
komputer manapun. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk menyediakan bagi
pelanggaran dan hukuman bagi komunikasi yang salah nomor, kode, sandi atau cara
lain untuk akses ke komputer. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk menyediakan untuk
pelanggaran-pelanggaran dan hukuman bagi abetments dan upaya dalam komisi
pelanggaran sebagaimana dimaksud pada butir (a), (b), (c) dan (d) di
atas. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Berusaha untuk membuat undang-undang
anggapan bahwa setiap orang memiliki hak asuh atau kontrol apa pun program,
data atau informasi lain ketika ia tidak diizinkan untuk memilikinya akan
dianggap telah memperoleh akses yang tidak sah kecuali jika dibuktikan
sebaliknya.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
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<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Sumber : <a href="http://coretanchicha.blogspot.com/2012/03/perbandingan-cyber-law-computer-crime.html">http://coretanchicha.blogspot.com/2012/03/perbandingan-cyber-law-computer-crime.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
Rahayu Santika Perwitasarihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08164363351748564260noreply@blogger.com0